Abstract: A photosensitive region includes a semiconductor substrate 40 made of a P-type semiconductor, and N-type semiconductor regions 41 and 42 formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 40. Accordingly, each photosensitive portion includes a portion of the semiconductor substrate 40 and a pair of the regions 41 and 42, thus configuring a photodiode. Each of the regions 41 and 42 is in a shape of an approximate triangle, and is formed so that one side of the regions 41 is adjacent to one side of the region 42, and vice versa, in one pixel. A first wire 44 is for electrically connecting the regions 41 on one side in each pixel across a first direction, and is provided extending in the first direction between the pixels. The second wire 47 is for electrically connecting the regions 47 on the other side in each pixel across a second direction, and is provided extending in the second direction between the pixels.

Abstract: Each of N optical detector parts 801 to 80N has a photodiode PD, a capacitor Cd and a switch SW0. An amplifier A1, an integrator circuit capacitor Cf1, and a switch SW11 , are connected in parallel between the input terminal and the output terminal of an integrator circuit 10. The capacitance of the integrator circuit capacitance C11 is equal to the capacitance of the capacitor Cd in each of the N optical detector parts 801 to 80N. A switch SW01, is equipped between the input terminal of the integrator circuit 10 and the switch SW0 for each of the N optical detector parts 801 to 80N. A switch SW02 is equipped between the output terminal of the integrator circuit 10 and the switch SW0 in each of the N optical detector parts 801, to 80N.

Abstract: A high-speed vision sensor has: an analog-to-digital converter array 13 including analog-to-digital converters 210 corresponding to respective lines of photodetectors 120 of a photodetector array 11, and a parallel processing system 14 including processing elements 400 and shift registers 410. The processing elements 400 are provided in one to one correspondence with the photodetectors 120. The shift registers 410 are provided in one to one correspondence with the photodetectors 120. Because the processing elements 400 carry out the image processing between neighboring pixels by parallel processing at high speed, independently from the operation in the shift registers 410, the processing and shifting can be performed efficiently.

Abstract: In a spatial light modulation device using a reflection type spatial light modulator, read light is a P-polarized light that falls incident on the light reflection layer 17 at a slant. Liquid crystal in the light modulation layer 17 is oriented so as to incline, in association with the application of voltage by the driving circuit 2, within a plane that is parallel to a normal plane which includes the optical axes of both of the incident, read light and the output, modulated light.

Abstract: A spatial light modulating device includes: an electrically-addressed type element for being addressed by electric signals representing information to be written, the electrically-addressed type element including an image display portion having a pixel structure, the electrically-addressed type element being inputted with write light; an optically-addressed type spatial light modulator including a thin film material portion and a pair of substrates, the thin film material portion being provided between the pair of substrates, the thin film material portion having an optical addressing layer and a light modulation layer which are provided one on the other, the optically-addressed type spatial light modulator being inputted with read light; and a compensation layer having a predetermined thickness and provided between the image display portion and the thin film material portion.

Abstract: Each of N optical detector parts 801 to 80N has a photodiode PD, a capacitor Cd and a switch SW0. An amplifier A1, an integrator circuit capacitor Cf1, and a switch SW11 , are connected in parallel between the input terminal and the output terminal of an integrator circuit 10. The capacitance of the integrator circuit capacitance C11 is equal to the capacitance of the capacitor Cd in each of the N optical detector parts 801 to 80N. A switch SW01, is equipped between the input terminal of the integrator circuit 10 and the switch SW0 for each of the N optical detector parts 801 to 80N. A switch SW02 is equipped between the output terminal of the integrator circuit 10 and the switch SW0 in each of the N optical detector parts 801, to 80N.

Abstract: A signal image is transmitted by write light from a transmission type liquid crystal element 4 to an optically-addressed type parallel-aligned nematic-liquid-crystal spatial light modulator 6. The numerical aperture NAL of a relay lens 5, the pitch P of the pixel structure of the transmission type liquid crystal element 4, and the wavelength &lgr; of light from the write light source 1 are set with the condition 1/2P<NAL/&lgr;<1/P. As a result, the signal component caused by the pixel structure can be erased. Furthermore, no degradation is generated in the entire range of the spatial frequencies of the signal image that can be produced by the transmission type liquid crystal element 4.

Abstract: An image H(x, y) for displaying a target image G(x, y) is displayed on a liquid-crystal display panel and illumination light from an illumination light source is made to pass therethrough to form an image on a PALSLM. Read light h.nu. is radiated to the PALSLM and a phase-modulated light image .alpha.(x, y) read out of the PALSLM is subjected to Fourier transform by a lens. A phase contrast filter gives a predetermined phase shift to only the zero-order light component of Fourier light image .alpha..sub.f (x, y). The phase-shifted light image is subjected to inverse Fourier transform by a lens to project an output image O(x, y) to an output plane. A light image O'(x, y) branched by a beam sampler is picked up by a pickup device and an evaluation value calculating unit evaluates conformity between the image O(x, y) and the image G(x, y). A control unit performs feedback control of optical characteristics of the illumination light source, PALSLM, and phase contrast filter, based on the evaluation result.

Abstract: The individual identification apparatus is provided for comparing a target pattern of an arbitrary person with a recorded reference pattern of a specific person, thereby judging whether the arbitrary person is the specific person. The apparatus has a calculation processing portion 60. In order to previously record a pattern of the specific person as a reference pattern, the portion 60 calculates correlations between the pattern of the specific person and comparative patterns which belong to other people. The portion 60 records the pattern of the specific person as a reference pattern only when the correlations between the pattern of the specific person and the comparative patterns are equal to or lower than a threshold. The portion 60 refuses to record, as a reference pattern, such a pattern that provides high correlations with regards to the other people's patterns and therefore that has a high similarity with regards to the other people's patterns.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image input apparatus comprising a fiber optic plate and a light source for illuminating an entrance surface of the fiber optic plate. In order to obtain a vivid image, the image input apparatus according to the present invention comprises a specific structure for holding the light source at a predetermined position such that a luminous flux from the light source is made incident on the entrance surface of the fiber optic plate from a direction deviating from an angle region by which stray light can be incident on the entrance surface.

Abstract: In a spatial light modulator of the present invention, a photoconductive layer formed of photoconductive material receives write light having a spatial distribution in its intensity and changes resistivity of the photoconductive material dependently on the spatial distribution in the intensity of the received write light. A liquid crystal layer formed of liquid crystal molecules of nematic phase receives read light and presents birefringence with respect to the received read light. An electric voltage is applied through the photoconductive layer and the liquid crystal layer to thereby produce an electric field in the liquid crystal layer. The photoconductive layer changes the electric field produced in the liquid crystal layer in accordance with the resistivity of the photoconductive material so as to electrically control the birefringence of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: In an individual identification apparatus, a hologram 11 recorded on a card is irradiated with laser light to read out a fingerprint image of a specific person. A finger of an arbitrary person to be identified with the specific person is irradiated with laser light to obtain a fingerprint image. Thus obtained fingerprint images are jointly written in a first SLM. Then, the joint image is read out and Fourier transformed to obtain a Joint Fourier Transform image, which is then written in a second SLM. The Joint Fourier Transform image is then read out and Fourier transformed to obtain a pair of output correlation peaks. A photodetector detects the intensity of the output correlation peaks and outputs a signal indicative of the intensity. A threshold processor compares the value of the signal with a predetermined threshold value to positively or negatively identify the arbitrary person with the specific person.

Abstract: In an optical detector, a light source irradiates coherent light onto an objective. A Fourier transform lens receives the light diffracted and scattered at the objective and Fourier transforms the light to generate a Fourier image, the Fourier image having a high intensity spectral component corresponding to the periodic pattern on the objective and a low intensity spectral component corresponding to the abnormal portion. In an optically-addressed spatial light modulator, each of the optically-addressing part and the light modulating part receives the Fourier image at the corresponding portions.

Abstract: A spatial Fourier transforming apparatus jointly Fourier transforms a plurality of input images to obtain a Joint Fourier transform image of the plurality of input images. The apparatus comprises: input means for inputting a plurality of input images; a mask member having a plurality of aperture edges for defining a plurality of apertures each for transmitting a part of a corresponding one of the plurality of input images, the plurality of aperture edges having low correlation; and Fourier transforming means for jointly Fourier transforming the parts of the plurality of input images having passed through the plurality of apertures and for obtaining a Joint Fourier Transform image of the plurality of input images.

Abstract: In an optical detector, a light source irradiates coherent light onto an objective. A Fourier transform lens receives the light diffracted and scattered at the objective and Fourier transforms the light to generate a Fourier image, the Fourier image having a high intensity spectral component corresponding to the periodic pattern on the objective and a low intensity spectral component corresponding to the abnormal portion. In an optically-addressed spatial light modulator, each of the optically-addressing part and the light modulating part receives the Fourier image at the corresponding portions.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes an electro-optic crystal plate and a mesh electrode for capturing secondary electrons emitted from the crystal plate. Primary electrons carrying an image corresponding to an input optical image are incident on the front surface of the crystal plate to write a charge pattern thereon. In a writing operation, a dc voltage and a ramp voltage is applied to the mesh electrode and the back surface of the crystal plate, respectively. The dc voltage and a variation range of the ramp voltage are shifted to obtain a desired input/output characteristic of the device. Alternatively, a decreasing rate of the ramp voltage is changed to obtain a desired characteristic.

Abstract: A multilayered optical neural network system comprise an input layer, an output layer, at least one hidden layer provided between the input layer and the output layer, a memory matrix holding device provided between the respective layers for holding weighted couplings between the layers, a correlation operating device for optically computing a correlation between an output optical pattern from the previous layer and the memory matrix pattern, an output function operating device for implementing optical computing of an output function corresponding to a result of the correlation operation, and a memory matrix correcting device provided between the respective layers for optically correcting a memory matrix held in the memory matrix holding device by a learning operation, whereby the system is capable of two-dimensional optical computing of all data transfers and operations and executing a great amount of computing without use of holograms.

Abstract: For inputting a two-dimensional image into an optical neural network apparatus, a primary processing device is used to extract the characteristic feature of an object pattern. Thereafter, compressed information as a result of the above processing is inputted into the input of the all-optical type optical neural network apparatus, that implements parallel processings adaptively through optical computing, at individual points on the input of the same. Therefore, the primary processing device that was capable of dealing with only logical input information until now can process even vague input information by the use of the optical neural network apparatus located on the later stage.