Abstract: The present invention is drawn generally to an improved electrochemical sensor. The reference cell within the sensor can be a salt bridge comprising at least two chambers for containing an electrolyte fluid, preferably containing a semipermeable plug impregnated with an electrolyte, an essentially fluid impermeable plug for separating the at least two chambers, and a narrow opening through the plug providing a non-axial flow path for ionic communication between the at least two chambers when the electrolyte fluid is present. The invention is also drawn to a reference cell grounding system and method of grounding a reference cell.

Abstract: The present invention is drawn generally to an improved electrochemical sensor. The reference cell within the sensor can be a salt bridge comprising at least two chambers for containing an electrolyte fluid, preferably containing a semipermeable plug impregnated with an electrolyte, an essentially fluid impermeable plug for separating the at least two chambers, and a narrow opening through the plug providing a non-axial flow path for ionic communication between the at least two chambers when the electrolyte fluid is present.

Abstract: A plurality of sensors of various types each initiating a marker signal as it produces a "frame" of information sensed, such as a camera film frame for example. A computer in the navigation system of the reconnaissance craft receives the marker signals and generates respective successive frame count numbers which are fed back to the proper respective sensors and recorded directly on the individual frames to whch they pertain while the frames are still being taken or sensed by the sensors. At essentially the same time as the frame count number is being processed, the computer outputs a block of information to be stored and recorded for that one frame (sensor product), this information including the identifying frame count number, the sensor which took it, the time of occurrence, and the geographical location of the event as provided by the navigation system.

Abstract: A parallel silent communication system comprises a secretary or phone operator console and an executive console. The executive console has a screen for visual display (discretely visible only to the executive to avoid interruptions to clients, callers, patients or visitors) of an unlimited language message composed remotely by the secretary or phone operator on her keyboard. A limited language or coded message may be returned by selecting one of a series of buttons or switches at the executive console which communicates specific directions or other responses to the secretary or phone operator at her keyboard. The pre-established communication channel need not be intercepted and can discretely be maintained unless the executive chooses to interrupt.