Abstract: A process for disposing of sanitary sewage sludge by producing a pumpable slurry of sewage sludge with or without solid carbonaceous fuel and burning said slurry as fuel in a partial oxidation gas generator, furnace, or boiler. The aqueous slurry of sewage sludge is concentrated by removing water by means of a conventional belt filter press, centrifuge, or hydroclone. The dewatered slurry of sewage sludge is heated by direct contact with steam while air and organic vapors are simultaneously removed, to reduce the pressure in the system; hydrothermally treated in two steps with indirect and direct heat exchange with steam; dewatered by flash evaporation and centrifuging; and burned with or without admixture with solid carbonaceous fuel in a partial oxidation gasifier, furnace, boiler, or incinerator to produce synthesis gas or a hot raw effluent gas stream. In a preferred embodiment, the effluent gas stream is cleaned and purified and non-contaminating ash and slag are separated.

Abstract: Sub-bituminous coal is directly liquefied in two stages by use of a liquefaction solvent containing insoluble material as well as 850.degree. F.+ material and 850.degree. F.- material derived from the second stage, and controlled temperature and conversion in the second stage. The process is in hydrogen balance.

Abstract: The coal liquefaction process disclosed uses three stages. The first stage is a liquefaction. The second and third stages are hydrogenation stages at different temperatures and in parallel or in series. One stage is within 650.degree.-795.degree. F. and optimizes solvent production. The other stage is within 800.degree.-840.degree. F. and optimizes the C.sub.5 -850.degree. F. product.

Abstract: Disclosed is a coal liquefaction process using two stages. The first stage liquefies the coal and maximizes the product while the second stage hydrocracks the remainder of the coal liquid to produce solvent.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction, hydrogenated 850.degree. F.+ residuum from the second stage is used in formulating the first stage liquefaction solvent.

Abstract: In a two-stage liquefaction wherein coal, hydrogen and liquefaction solvent are contacted in a first thermal liquefaction zone, followed by recovery of an essentially ash free liquid and a pumpable stream of insoluble material, which includes 850.degree. F.+ liquid, with the essentially ash free liquid then being further upgraded in a second liquefaction zone, the liquefaction solvent for the first stage includes the pumpable stream of insoluble material from the first liquefaction stage, and 850.degree. F.+ liquid from the second liquefaction stage.

Abstract: Arsenic is removed from a hydrocarbon containing arsenic as an impurity; e.g., shale oil, by contact with hydrogen in the presence of a contact material, such as coke, to deposit the arsenic on the contact material. The arsenic deposited on the contact material is subsequently reacted with an iron compound to produce an iron-arsenic compound suitable for disposal.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F. -1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: A catalyst for hydrotreating of heavy feedstocks comprised of nickel and molybdenum, supported on alumina having a defined pore size distribution which has been calcined at a temperature of from 1150.degree. F.-1300.degree. F. Calcining of such catalyst at such temperatures is required in order to provide for effective use thereof as a hydrotreating catalyst for higher boiling feedstocks.

Abstract: Coal is catalytically hydroliquefied by passing coal dispersed in a liquefaction solvent and hydrogen upwardly through a plurality of parallel expanded catalyst beds, in a single reactor, in separate streams, each having a cross-sectional flow area of no greater than 255 inches square, with each of the streams through each of the catalyst beds having a length and a liquid and gas superficial velocity to maintain an expanded catalyst bed and provide a Peclet Number of at least 3. If recycle is employed, the ratio of recycle to total feed (coal and liquefaction solvent) is no greater than 2:1, based on volume. Such conditions provide for improved selectivity to liquid product to thereby reduce hydrogen consumption. The plurality of beds are formed by partitions in the reactor.

Abstract: A metal containing hydrocarbon feedstock, such as a heavy residue, is contacted with hydrogen and a material characterized by low porosity, less than 0.3 cc/gram; low surface area, less than 5 m.sup.2 /g; high average pore diameter, greater than 1,000 Angstroms; and a high distribution of large pores, at least 40%, and preferably 50 to 80% of pores greater than 10,000 Angstroms. A preferred material is coke.

Abstract: 1,2-Dichlorethane is dehydrochlorinated by direct contact with a molten salt including the higher and lower valent forms of a multivalent metal chloride and generally also the oxychloride of the metal with ethane being present to increase selectivity to vinyl chloride.

Abstract: Methane is oxychlorinated to one or more chlorinated methanes, without net production of carbon tetrachloride, by contacting methane and chlorine and/or hydrogen chloride with a molten mixture of cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, and copper oxychloride, in the presence of an amount of carbon tetrachloride which inhibits net production thereof.

Abstract: Methane is oxychlorinated to one or more chlorinated methanes, without net production of carbon tetrachloride, by contacting methane and chlorine and/or hydrogen chloride with a molten mixture of cuprous chloride, cupric chloride, and copper oxychloride, in the presence of an amount of carbon tetrachloride which inhibits net production thereof.

Abstract: A nitrogen containing feedstock is hydrodenitrified by passing the feed through at least two hydrodenitrification zones, with ammonia produced in the hydrodenitrification being purged from the system prior to the last hydrodenitrification zone to maintain a low ammonia partial pressure in the last hydrodenitrification zone. The ammonia is preferably purged by stripping ammonia from the liquid portion of the effluent withdrawn from the next to last hydrodenitrification zone. Improved denitrification is obtained by maintaining a low ammonia partial pressure in the last hydrodenitrification zone.

Abstract: Process for coupling an alkane to either an alkane, alkene, aliphatic carboxylic acid, or aromatic hydrocarbon by effecting contacting thereof and a melt containing a multivalent metal halide in both its higher and lower valance state. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the contacting is effected in the presence of an oxygen containing gas or the melt is previously contacted with an oxygen containing gas to produce the corresponding oxyhalide of the metal, whereby the reaction may be effected on a continuous basis.

Abstract: A molten mixture containing the higher and lower valent forms of a multivalent metal chloride; in particular, cuprous and cupric chloride, is contacted with oxygen, and aqueous hydrogen chloride recycle, to recover the chlorine values by generation of the higher valent metal chloride and also effect oxidation of the melt by production of the oxychloride. The gas withdrawn from the oxidation contains hydrogen chloride, chlorine and water vapor, with the hydrogen chloride being separate from the gas as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycle to the oxidation. The chlorine and water vapor in the gas are contacted with activated carbon to produce hydrogen chloride, which is separated as aqueous hydrogen chloride and recycled to the oxidation.

Abstract: All or a portion of chlorinated hydrocarbons convertible to trichloroethylene and/or perchloroethylene by chlorination, dehydrochlorination or dehydrogenation and optionally also dechloroination are recovered from a C.sub.2 chlorinated hydrocarbon waste stream and contacted with a molten mixture of, for example, cuprous chloride, cupric chloride and copper oxychloride and hydrogen chloride and/or chlorine, to produce an effluent which contains as reaction product trichloroethylene and/or perchloroethylene. Chlorinated components in the waste stream not contacted with the molten mixture can be burned and the chlorine values used to enrich the chlorine content of the melt.

Abstract: Process for coupling an alkane to either an alkane, alkene, aliphatic carboxylic acid, or aromatic hydrocarbon by effecting contacting thereof and a melt containing a multivalent metal halide in both its higher and lower valence state. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the contacting is effected in the presence of an oxygen containing gas or the melt is previously contacted with an oxygen containing gas to produce the corresponding oxyhalide of the metal, whereby the reaction may be effected on a continuous basis.