Abstract: A liquid organic, fuel cell is provided which employs a solid electrolyte membrane. An organic fuel, such as a methanol/water mixture, is circulated past an anode of a cell while oxygen or air is circulated past a cathode of the cell. The cell solid electrolyte membrane is preferably fabricated from Nafion™. Additionally, a method for improving the performance of carbon electrode structures for use in organic fuel cells is provided wherein a high surface-area carbon particle/Teflon™-binder structure is immersed within a Nafion™/methanol bath to impregnate the electrode with Nafion™. A method for fabricating an anode for use in a organic fuel cell is described wherein metal alloys are deposited onto the electrode in an electro-deposition solution containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid. A fuel additive containing perfluorooctanesulfonic acid for use with fuel cells employing a sulfuric acid electrolyte is also disclosed.

Abstract: Improvements to non-acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially treated to improve its characteristics. A special sputtered electrode is formed which is extremely porous.

Abstract: Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially treated to improve its characteristics. A special sputtered electrode is formed which is extremely porous.

Abstract: Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially treated to improve its characteristics. A special sputtered electrode is formed which is extremely porous.

Abstract: Improvements to non acid methanol fuel cells include new formulations for materials. The platinum and ruthenium are more exactly mixed together. Different materials are substituted for these materials. The backing material for the fuel cell electrode is specially treated to improve its characteristics. A special sputtered electrode is formed which is extremely porous.

Abstract: A security system comprises electronic means for generating a group of pulses of predetermined frequency, which group has a unique identity specified by the particular durations of its constituent pulses; means for transmitting that group of pulses; means for receiving that group of pulses; and means responsive to that received group of pulses only when it has said unique identity. Preferably the pulses are bursts of high frequency waves, and the means responsive to received pulses includes means for establishing tolerance intervals for the ends of corresponding pulses.

Abstract: In a follow-up servo system for the electrical control of a friction clutch of, say, a motor vehicle from the throttle control by way of an electro-mechanical actuator, with automatic take-up of the wear of the mating friction surfaces, whenever the clutch plate (i.e. the axially-movable part) is in its fully-engaged (FE) position with respect to the cooperating axially-fixed part a signal is repetitively derived to represent the corresponding just-touching (JT) position of the plate under the then conditions of wear. To this signal is added a signal from the throttle control within a range corresponding to the JT-FE range of the plate, thereby forming a demand signal corrected for wear. From a comparison of it with a measurement signal representing the actual position of the plate an error signal is derived for application to the actuator in the appropriate sense.