Abstract: A method of assessing intracranial hemorrhage in a subject may include at a first time point: measuring, for a plurality of times, optical density (OD) value at first location on a first side of a head of the subject at a first time point, and a first corresponding location on a second side of the head of the subject. Change in optical density (?OD) is computed by subtracting each OD value measured on the first side from each corresponding OD value measured on the second side. A predetermined number of largest absolute ?OD values are eliminated from the ?OD values and a first average ?OD value is computed by averaging the remainder of ?OD values. The process is repeated at a second time point to obtain a second average ?OD. Progression of intracranial hemorrhage is determined based on a difference between the first average ?OD and the second average ?OD.

Abstract: Described herein are fNIR-based brain computer interfaces. Training of individuals to intentionally control neural activity in specific cortical areas, thereby up-regulating and down-regulating oxygenation levels in specific locations in the brain is also provided herein. Further, continuous and/or binary control over computing environments using fNIR brain computer interfaces. Further still, a scale for brain interface index for oxygenation of a portion of the brain is provided herein.

Abstract: Described herein are fNIR-based brain computer interfaces. Training of individuals to intentionally control neural activity in specific cortical areas, thereby up-regulating and down-regulating oxygenation levels in specific locations in the brain is also provided herein. Further, continuous and/or binary control over computing environments using fNIR brain computer interfaces. Further still, a scale for brain interface index for oxygenation of a portion of the brain is provided herein.