Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1 is chosen from divalent C4-C7 aliphatic groups and divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

Abstract: A cathodic protection system includes a vessel for containing a fluid or a mixture of fluids, a plurality of anodes positioned inside the vessel, an encapsulant encapsulating the plurality of anodes, the encapsulant being a wax repellant material that is sufficiently porous to allow ions to pass therethrough, and an impressed current source electrically connected to each of the anodes and the vessel. The impressed current source produces a continuous high current output, and the vessel acts as a cathode when current is applied from the impressed current source. The anodes are monitored and controlled from outside of the vessel using one or more adjustable resistors, which are installed in a junction box located either inside or outside the vessel. The resistors are configured to adjust the individual anode current output based upon a predetermined cathodic protection criteria.

Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1 is chosen from divalent C4-C7 aliphatic groups and divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.

Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1, R2, and R3 are chosen from C1 to C30 aliphatic groups, R4 is chosen from divalent C4 to C7 linear aliphatic groups and divalent C4 to C7 linear heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 linear aliphatic groups, C1-C6 branched aliphatic groups, or combination thereof, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from methyl or hydrogen, x is chosen from 0 to 0.8, y is chosen from 0 to 0.8, when y is 0, x is greater than 0, and when x is 0, y is greater than 0, and z is chosen from 0.1 to 0.9. The summation of x, y, and z equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates, including contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I).

Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1, R2, and R3 are chosen from C1 to C30 aliphatic groups, R4 is chosen from divalent C4 to C7 linear aliphatic groups and divalent C4 to C7 linear heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 linear aliphatic groups, C1-C6 branched aliphatic groups, or combination thereof, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently chosen from methyl or hydrogen, x is chosen from 0 to 0.8, y is chosen from 0 to 0.8, when y is 0, x is greater than 0, and when x is 0, y is greater than 0, and z is chosen from 0.1 to 0.9. The summation of x, y, and z equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates, including contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I).

Abstract: Copolymers having General Formula (I): in which R1 is chosen from divalent C4-C7 aliphatic groups and divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups, optionally substituted with one or more C1-C6 aliphatic groups, heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, or combinations thereof, where: the divalent C4-C7 heteroaliphatic groups include one or two heteroatoms independently chosen from O, N, and S, and the maximum number of heteroatoms in R1 is two; x is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95; and y is a molar fraction range chosen from 0.05 to 0.95, where the summation of x and y equals 1. Methods for inhibiting formation of clathrate hydrates in a fluid capable of forming the clathrate hydrates. The methods include contacting the fluid with at least one copolymer of General Formula (I) under conditions suitable for forming the clathrate hydrates.