Abstract: Bisdiazonium salts of the formula (1) ##STR1## in which R denotes a linear or branched alkyl or alkoxyalkyl radical having 3-5 carbon atoms and X.sup.- represents the radical of a strong acid or of a zinc chloride double salt, and a process for their preparation by diazotizing a 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dialkoxybiphenyl of the formula (2) ##STR2## in which R has the meaning mentioned, in an aqueous, strong, non-oxidizing inorganic or organic acid at temperatures from about -10.degree. C. to about +40.degree. C. by means of an alkali metal nitrite, and precipitating the resulting bisdiazonium salts by adding an alkali metal chloride, bisulfate, monosulfonate of 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid or tetrafluoroborate or zinc chloride.These salts are useful in dyeing and printing textile fiber materials by the methods of the ice color technique, using suitable coupling components; they are also useful for preparing photographic tracings by the methods of reprography.

Abstract: According to the procedures of the ice color dyeing technique, fiber materials, such as, for example, cellulose fiber materials, are dyed by coupling the fiber material bottomed with a coupling component in an aqueous medium with the diazonium compound of an aniline compound of the general formula (1) mentioned and defined below, the coupling reaction and dye formation on the fiber being carried out at a pH between 3 and 10 ##STR1## in which R stands for a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of 3 or 4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Using the method of azoic dyeing, fast blue dyeings are obtained when the bis-diazotable diazo component used is a compound of the general formula (1) ##STR1## in which R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group of 3 to 5 carbon atoms or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.3)-alkoxy-(C.sub.2 -C.sub.4)-alkyl group having straight-chain and/or branched alkyl groups of in total 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and the coupling component used is a compound conforming to the general formula (2) ##STR2## in which Z stands for a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom or an alkoxy group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Aryl denotes a phenyl radical or a 1-naphthyl radical which can be substituted by 1, 2 or 3 substituents from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and the coupling reaction and dye formation on the fiber are carried out at a pH value between 4 and 10.

Abstract: Acid nitro dyestuffs are prepared by treating aminonitrodiphenylaminesulfonic acids with an oxidizing agent in an aqueous medium, the oxidizing agent employed being a manganese-(VI) or manganese-(VII) compound and the reaction being carried out at a pH higher than 5 and at a temperature between 20.degree. and 100.degree. C. The dyestuffs thus obtainable dye even fresh full-grained chrome leather in full shades.

Abstract: Acid nitrodyestuffs are prepared by treating aminonitrodiphenylaminesulfonic acids with an oxidizing agent in an aqueous medium, the oxidizing agent being hypochlorous acid or its alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and the reaction taking place at above pH 4 and at a temperature between 0.degree. and 100.degree. C. The dyestuffs thus obtainable dye even fresh full chrome grained leather in deep shades.

Abstract: Liquid compositions of nitro group-containing aniline compounds containing no sulfonic acid and/or carboxylic acid groups and having a melting point of below 140.degree. C., especially those suitable for use as diazo component in ice color dyeing, which contain 20 to 70% of this nitro-aniline, 5 to 80 weight % of a castor oil oxethylated with 25 to 60 mols of ethylene oxide, and 5 to 65 weight % of N-methyl-pyrrolidone as solvent. By simply mixing these components clear solutions are obtained which can be diazotized within a few seconds by means of an aqueous sodium nitrite solution and thus give diazonium salt solutions free from residue. These diazonium salt solutions can be used in simple manner and very advantageously as developing baths or liquors for producing water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on the fiber according to the ice color technique.

Abstract: Concentrated solutions of water-insoluble bis-acetoacetic acid-diphenylamides as coupling components; these solutions contain in addition to one or more of these coupling components water and sodium and/or potassium hydroxide and as aliphatic solvent one or more mono- or di- to hexa-ethyleneglycol monoalkyl ethers having lower alkyl radicals, and optionally ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol and/or propyleneglycol. The coupling components are contained in the solutions in a concentration of up to about 50% by weight without deteriorating the storage stability of the solutions. The solutions may be used for preparing water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on the fiber according to "ice-color" dyeing. On pouring into water containing a small amount of sodium hydroxide they give immediately ready-to-use impregnation baths.

Abstract: An anionic surfactant can be used for the preparation of aqueous dispersions of specific composition with a high degree of fineness of the particle sizes of primary aromatic amines free from carboxylic acid or sulfonic acid groups. Besides said aromatic amine and said anionic surfactant these aqueous dispersion contain as a dispersing agent a water-soluble condensation product containing one or several radicals of oxalkylated, hydroxy and/or carboxy group-containing aromatic compounds, which radicals are linked with one another by methylene bridges either directly or via radicals of aromatic compounds. The dispersions may further contain a polyhydric alcohol and optionally a high molecular weight polyglycol. The dispersions have a good viscosity behavior, a good stability in storage and are stable at temperatures of about -15.degree. to +50.degree. C. They can be readily and rapidly diazotized and yield residue-free diazonium salt solutions with low tendency to foam formation.

Abstract: By the present invention there has been found an improved process for the production of water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on the fiber according to the methods of the ice color dyeing, in which the fiber material is at first impregnated with a coupling component in an alkaline medium and thereafter developed by treating it with a developing bath which contains the diazonium compound; the improvement is characterized in that the developing bath contains an alkali metal-tri- or -tetrapolyphosphate and the pH value of the developing bath is greater than 4.5 prior to the coupling and smaller than 9 after the same. As compared with known processes, the novel process has the advantage that in this case there are not used any heavy metal salts, such as chromium and zinc salts, which have an adverse effect on the waste waters, and that besides there are no precipitates of zinc phosphate even in the case of zinc ions being present in the dye baths.

Abstract: o-Aminophenol ethers deriving from lower alkylene glycols, lower alkylene polyglycols and the corresponding mono-lower alkyl ethers which may be substituted in the phenyl nucleus by halogen or nitro, are useful as diazo components in the "all-in" printing process for preparing developing dyes on cellulose. In this process the printing paste contains the alkaline solution of the coupling component, a dispersion of the amine, sodium nitrite and a thickening composition and developing of the dye is brought about with acidic means, followed by or combined with a heat treatment.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on vegetable fibers according to the method of the ice-color technique had been found, impregnating first the fibrous material with an azo component and then developing it with a diazo solution of an aromatic amino compound in the neutral or slightly alkaline range, wherein an alkali metal borate is used to neutralize the diazo solution.The dyeings prepared in this improved dyeing process for ice color dyeing have very good fastness properties and are obtained with high color yields. The improvement of the dyeing process is seen in the use of alkali metal borate as a neutralizing agent, which avoids the creation of foam in the surfactant-containing diazo solution.

Abstract: Cellulosic material is printed with a paste containing the alkaline solution of a coupler, the dispersion of a diazotable aromatic amine, a nitrite and a thickener and the dyestuff is developed on the fiber by acidic steaming or by adding solutions of organic acids and steaming or drying.

Abstract: It had been found that boric acid can advantageously be used as a buffer and neutralization agent in the developing bath containing the azonium compound in a process for the preparation of water-insoluble azo dyestuffs on the fiber according to the ice-color technique, thus avoiding ecological problems with regard to the waste water obtained in the dyeing process.

Abstract: Highly concentrated solutions of coupling components of the ice-color dyeing technique had been found which possess a very good stability to storage and can readily be used for the preparation of diluted aqueous bottoming baths of the ice-color technique; these novel solutions contain the coupling component, water, sodium-or potassium hydroxide, and are characterized by the imperative content of diethylene-glycol or a content of a mixture of diethylene-glycol and ethylene-glycol or propylene-glycol or both.

Abstract: New improved dyeing preparations (formulations) have been found for preparing water-soluble azo dyestuffs on fiber according to ice-color dyeing which contain a diazonium or tetrazonium compound of an aromatic mono- or diamine having a pKa-value of more than 2.5 as well as boric acid instead of the usual aluminum sulfate or chromium (III)-acetate. These new dyeing compositions have the same good properties as comparable known dyeing preparations but avoid the severe disadvantages of the known preparations in respect to requirements in industrial medicine and ecology.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions of primary aromatic amines which contain at least 30 per cent by weight of a primary aromatic amine, a water-soluble condensation product which contains 2 to 6 radicals of oxalkylated aromatic compounds carrying hydroxy or carboxy groups, these radicals being linked to each other over methylene groups either directly or via radicals of aromatic compounds, and containing water and, optionally, a polyvalent alcohol. These dispersions are very stable and storable for a very long period, the primary aromatic amines therein are so finely dispersed that they do not precipitate; they have a low viscosity and can easily be introduced with stirring in a dyeing liquor or in pastes.

Abstract: A process for the printing of cellulose containing textiles or textiles consisting completely of cellulose with water-insoluble azo dyestuffs produced on the fiber, which comprises printing the material previously impregnated with alkaline liquors of .beta.-hydroxy-naphthoic acid arylamides or acetoacetic acid arylamides and sodium nitrite with a printing paste containing an aqueous dispersion of an amine suitable for ice color dyeing having a maximum grain size of 0.03 mm or less, acidifiers and a thickening, and finishing the prints after drying in usual manner by washing, soaping and rinsing.

Abstract: Continuous dyeing and printing of cellulose fibre material by impregnating the material with a 2-hydroxy-naphthalene-3-carboxylic acid phenyl amide, alkali and nitrite, by crosspadding or over-printing with a dispersion or emulsion of a 4-amino-diphenyl amine as well as acid or acidic salt, and bringing about the development of the dyestuff by drying the fiber material and/or exposing it to sodium carbonate.

Abstract: Process for the continuous dyeing of polyester fiber/cellulose blends with disperse dyestuffs and water-insoluble azo developing dyestuffs by padding the fibrous material with an aqueous solution of at least one ice-color coupling component, an alkaline agent and an alkali metal nitrite, then cross-padding the material so impregnated with a second aqueous bath of room temperature which contains at least one diazotizable amine, at least one thermosolable disperse dyestuff and an acidifier, and finally successively promoting the formation of the azo dyestuff by diazotizing and coupling as well as fixing the disperse dyestuff with the aid of elevated temperature.