Abstract: A composition for capturing target polynucleotides at a surface of a substrate is provided. The composition may include a plurality of capture primers coupled to the surface of the substrate and including modified nucleic acids; and a plurality of orthogonal capture primers coupled to the surface of the substrate and including modified nucleic acids. The modified nucleic acids of the capture primers may include locked nucleic acid (LNA), peptide nucleic acid (PNA), or super T. The modified nucleic acids of the orthogonal capture primers may include locked nucleic acid (LNA), peptide nucleic acid (PNA), or super T.

Abstract: In one example, a flow cell includes a substrate, an electrode positioned on the substrate, and a patterned material positioned on the electrode. In this example, the patterned material includes depressions separated by interstitial regions, and a functionalized surface of the electrode is exposed at each of the depressions. In this example, the flow cell further includes a primer grafted to the functionalized surface in each of the depressions. In another example, a flow cell includes a substrate and a patterned electrode positioned on the substrate. In this other example, the patterned electrode includes depressions separated by interstitial regions, and a functionalized surface of the substrate exposed at each of the depressions. In this other example, a primer is grafted to the functionalized surface in each of the depressions.

Abstract: An example of a method includes providing a substrate with an exposed surface comprising a first chemical group, wherein the providing optionally comprises modifying the exposed surface of the substrate to incorporate the first chemical group; reacting the first chemical group with a first reactive group of a functionalized polymer molecule to form a functionalized polymer coating layer covalently bound to the exposed surface of the substrate; grafting a primer to the functionalized polymer coating layer by reacting the primer with a second reactive group of the functionalized polymer coating layer; and forming a water-soluble protective coating on the primer and the functionalized polymer coating layer. Examples of flow cells incorporating examples of the water-soluble protective coating are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: In some examples, a device includes first and second electrodes separated from one another by a space; a particle coupled to the first electrode via a first plurality of bonds, and coupled to the second electrode via a second plurality of bonds; and a polymerase coupled to the particle. In some examples, a composition includes first and second electrodes separated from one another by a space; a fluid including a first electrically conductive label having a length at least as long as a length of the space; and detection circuitry to generate a first signal responsive to transient formation, using the first electrically conductive label, of a first electrically conductive bridge between the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: An example of a method includes providing a substrate with an exposed surface comprising a first chemical group, wherein the providing optionally comprises modifying the exposed surface of the substrate to incorporate the first chemical group; reacting the first chemical group with a first reactive group of a functionalized polymer molecule to form a functionalized polymer coating layer covalently bound to the exposed surface of the substrate; grafting a primer to the functionalized polymer coating layer by reacting the primer with a second reactive group of the functionalized polymer coating layer; and forming a water-soluble protective coating on the primer and the functionalized polymer coating layer. Examples of flow cells incorporating examples of the water-soluble protective coating are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to method of preparing a substrate for sequencing by synthesis, including capturing library DNA to the surface using a low salt buffer solution prior to grafting primer oligonucleotides. Substrates prepared by the method described herein have increased monoclonality of clusters and sequencing by synthesis using the substrate prepared by the method are also described.

Abstract: An example method includes introducing a first fluid to a flow channel of a flow cell including a working electrode having a surface that is at least partially exposed to the flow channel, the surface being unmodified or modified with a first member of a transition metal complex binding pair, whereby a linking moiety of a complex present in the first fluid chemically attaches the complex to the surface to form a temporarily modified surface of the working electrode; performing a sensing operation involving the complex of the temporarily modified surface; and applying a desorption voltage of the linking moiety to the working electrode, thereby detaching the linking moiety and regenerating the surface.

Abstract: A method for making on-flow cell three-dimensional polymer structures includes loading a polymer precursor solution onto a flow cell. The polymer precursor solution includes a monomer, a crosslinker, and a photoinitiator. The flow cell includes at least one channel for receiving the polymer precursor solution. The at least one channel has an upper interior surface and a lower interior surface. The method further includes illuminating the polymer precursor solution through a patterned photomask using a light at a wavelength sufficient to activate the photoinitiator. Activation of the photoinitiator polymerizes at least some of the polymer precursor solution underneath apertures in the patterned photomask and forms three-dimensional polymer structures that extend from the upper interior surface to the lower interior surface of the at least one channel.

Abstract: Provided in one example is a sensor having at least one fissure, the fissure being at least partially filled by at least one polymer formation extending vertically within a passivation layer. The polymer formation protects the underlying metal containing layer from corrosive solutions. Provided in another example is a method of forming the polymer formation in a fissure of a sensor.

Abstract: In one example, a flow cell includes a substrate, an electrode positioned on the substrate, and a patterned material positioned on the electrode. In this example, the patterned material includes depressions separated by interstitial regions, and a functionalized surface of the electrode is exposed at each of the depressions. In this example, the flow cell further includes a primer grafted to the functionalized surface in each of the depressions. In another example, a flow cell includes a substrate and a patterned electrode positioned on the substrate. In this other example, the patterned electrode includes depressions separated by interstitial regions, and a functionalized surface of the substrate exposed at each of the depressions. In this other example, a primer is grafted to the functionalized surface in each of the depressions.

Abstract: Provided in one example is a sensor having at least one fissure, the fissure being at least partially filled by at least one polymer formation extending vertically within a passivation layer. The polymer formation protects the underlying metal containing layer from corrosive solutions. Provided in another example is a method of forming the polymer formation in a fissure of a sensor.

Abstract: An example of a method includes providing a substrate with an exposed surface comprising a first chemical group, wherein the providing optionally comprises modifying the exposed surface of the substrate to incorporate the first chemical group; reacting the first chemical group with a first reactive group of a functionalized polymer molecule to form a functionalized polymer coating layer covalently bound to the exposed surface of the substrate; grafting a primer to the functionalized polymer coating layer by reacting the primer with a second reactive group of the functionalized polymer coating layer; and forming a water-soluble protective coating on the primer and the functionalized polymer coating layer. Examples of flow cells incorporating examples of the water-soluble protective coating are also disclosed herein.