Abstract: Provide is a molecular electronic device which includes a first electrode, a molecular active layer self-assembled on the first electrode using a thiol-based anchoring group or a silane-based anchoring group, and a second electrode including an organic electrode layer covering the molecular active layer. The organic electrode layer includes a highly conductive monomer, an oligomer or a polymer. The molecular active layer composes a switching element which is mutually switchable to states of ON and OFF according to voltages applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and a memory element in which a predetermined electric signal is stored according to voltages applied between the first electrode and the second electrode.