Abstract: Provided is a sunscreen cosmetic product including a foamed rubber sponge and a cosmetic composition impregnated in the foamed rubber sponge. The cosmetic composition comprises only an inorganic ultraviolet blocking agent as an ultraviolet blocking agent. When the cosmetic composition comprises only an inorganic ultraviolet blocking agent as an ultraviolet blocking agent, it is possible to realize the sunscreen effect of the content wholly even after impregnation, since the inorganic ultraviolet blocking agent is not adsorbed to the foamed rubber sponge but is dispensed with no loss caused by adsorption. It is possible to increase the usage efficiency by controlling the pore size of the foamed rubber sponge during foaming to improve the ratio of the amount that can be used by the consumers based on the amount of the content impregnated in the sponge.

Abstract: The invention provides derivatives of DEA which have increased potency and hydrolysis resistance as compared to DEA, and compositions thereof, as well as methods of using these derivatives to promote neurogenesis, neurite growth and/or length, and/or promote synaptogenesis.

Abstract: The invention provides derivatives of DEA which have increased potency and hydrolysis resistance as compared to DEA, and compositions thereof, as well as methods of using these derivatives to promote neurogenesis, neurite growth and/or length, and/or promote synaptogenesis.

Abstract: Authoring at least one Running Mark in a compressed data stream is taught. The compressed data stream is preprocessed to decompress frames. The decompressed frames may be decoded and stored in a memory. In addition, one or more encoding parameters for each decoded frame may be stored in the memory. The decoded frames may be processed for Running Mark insertion. From among these frames, at least one candidate frame is determined and selected for Running Mark insertion. For each selected, at least one candidate macroblock is determined and selected. One or more Running Marks may be inserted into the selected candidate macroblocks for creating a Running Mark macroblock. At least one link connected to at least one of the Running Mark macroblocks may be modified. The modification may generate modified frames, which in turn, may be reconstructed for display.

Abstract: A video decoder compliant with the Advanced Television Systems Standard (ATSC) includes circuitry which decodes an ATSC encoded image and employs a downconversion process to produce a standard definition video signal. The video decoder includes a frequency-domain filter to reduce the resolution of the ATSC encoded signal. The video decoder downconversion system also includes a formatting section having vertical and horizontal filters, as well as resampling processing, to format the decoded and downconverted video image for a particular display and aspect ratio. The decoder senses the display format of the encoded video signal and changes the processing provided by the decoder to produce a standard definition output signal regardless of the display format of the encoded input signal. The system also includes a format converter which may be programmed to use a plurality of methods to convert the aspect ratio of the input signal for display on a display device having a different aspect ratio.

Abstract: An HDTV down conversion system including apparatus for forming a set of low resolution down-sampled pixel values corresponding to a current frame of a video signal from a set of low resolution pixel values corresponding to a residual image of a current frame of the video signal and from a set of down-sampled low resolution pixel values corresponding to reference frames of the video signal. The apparatus includes a memory for storing the set of down-sampled low resolution pixel values. An up-sampling processor receives from the memory and uses Lagrangian interpolation to convert the set of down-sampled low resolution pixel values corresponding to the reference frame of the video signal into a set of up-sampled low resolution pixel values corresponding to the reference frame of the video signal.

Abstract: A video decoder compliant with the Advanced Television Systems Standard (ATSC) includes circuitry which, when the decoder is operated in a first mode, decodes a Main Profile, High Level (MP@HL) image to produce a high-definition video output signal and decodes a Main Profile, Main Level (MP@ML) signal to produce a standard definition video signal. In addition, when the decoder is operated in a second mode, circuitry is used which generates a standard definition image from the MP@HL signal. The video decoder includes a frequency-domain filter to reduce the resolution of the MP@HL signal when the decoder is operated in the second mode.

Abstract: An HDTV down conversion system including an apparatus for forming a low resolution 2:1 down converted video signal from an encoded video signal representing a video image. The encoded video signal is a frequency-domain transformed high resolution video signal with motion prediction. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving encoded video signals as a plurality of high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values. A down conversion filter receives and weights the high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values to form a set of low passed frequency-domain video coefficients. An inverse-transform processor transforms the set of frequency-domain video coefficients into a set of pixel values. An averaging filter transforms selected ones of the pixel values in the set of pixel values into averaged pixel values. A decimating processor deletes selected ones of the set of pixel values to provide the low resolution video signal.

Abstract: To reduce aliasing during the down conversion and decoding of video signals that have been encoded according to the moving picture experts group (MPEG) standard, a discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain filter is applied to the unquantized DCT coefficient values. Also, partly because the inverse discrete transform (IDCT) operation of the MPEG standard may be implemented, IDCT mismatch control processing is implemented. Concurrent implementation of the IDCT mismatch control process and the DCT domain filter does not consistently produce the highest quality picture. Thus, the current invention is related to a robust DCT domain filter designed to maintain the higher quality in downconverted images. The DCT domain filter sets the filter coefficient corresponding to the highest frequency band to unity to prevent modification of any coefficient value that has been modified by the IDCT mismatch operation.

Abstract: An HDTV down conversion system including an apparatus for forming a low resolution 2:1 down converted video signal from an encoded video signal representing a video image. The encoded video signal is a frequency-domain transformed high resolution video signal with motion prediction. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving encoded video signals as a plurality of high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values. A down conversion filter receives and weights the high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values to form a set of low passed frequency-domain video coefficients. An inverse-transform processor transforms the set of frequency-domain video coefficients into a set of pixel values. An averaging filter transforms selected ones of the pixel values in the set of pixel values into averaged pixel values. A decimating processor deletes selected ones of the set of pixel values to provide the low resolution video signal.

Abstract: An HDTV down conversion system including an apparatus for forming a low resolution video signal from an encoded video signal representing a video image. The encoded video signal is a frequency-domain transformed high resolution video signal with motion vectors. The apparatus includes a receiver for receiving the encoded video signal as a plurality of blocks of high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values. A plurality of blocks comprises a macroblock. A down-conversion filter weights selected ones of the high resolution frequency-domain video coefficient values within each block to generate corresponding blocks of filtered frequency-domain video coefficients. An inverse-transform processor transforms each block of filtered frequency-domain video coefficients into a block of first-filtered pixel values. A pre-decimation filter performs inter-macroblock inter-block filtering of the plurality of blocks of first-filtered pixel values and provides corresponding blocks of second-filtered pixel values.

Abstract: A video down conversion system compliant with the Advanced Television Systems Standard (ATSC) includes a decoder which decodes a Main Profile, High Level (MP@HL) image and employs a downconversion processor to produce a standard definition video signal. The system stores a subsampled image in order to reduce memory requirements and employs an upsampling filter to generate reference image data from the stored. subsampled image. The reference image data spatially correspond to the image data produced by the video decoder before it is subsampled. The upsampling filter uses different filter coefficients based on the subsampling phase of the stored image and the half-pixel indicator in the motion vector which is used to locate the downsampled reference image data in the stored subsampled image.

Abstract: A discrete cosine transform domain (DCT) filter for lowpass filtering a high resolution encoded video image represented as frequency-domain coefficient values, such as macroblocks, before decimation of the video image in the spatial domain. The DCT filter masks or weights the DCT coefficients of the video image macroblocks before processing by an inverse DCT. The filter may be implemented as a block mirror filter in the frequency domain, and the filter values may be combined with the IDCT coefficient values. Original motion vectors of the high resolution encoded video image are translated because low resolution reference images used by the decoder are not equivalent to the original high resolution images. Therefore, motion vectors are scaled to retrieve low resolution prediction blocks which are up-sampled to generate the original pixel and half-pixel values in the spatial domain.

Abstract: An apparatus or transforming the resolution of an image from a first image resolution to a second image resolution using operations in the spatial frequency domain. The apparatus converts the bit-stream format which defines the first image and can be used to, for example, change the resolution of an MPEG encoded video signal by converting the MPED bitstream. The apparatus generates converted macroblocks from original macroblocks. During conversion, the apparatus determines whether the converted macroblock is (1) intra or non-intra coded, (2) P-coded or B-coded, and (3) in field format or frame format. The apparatus may also include the selection of a motion vector for the converted macroblock from the original macroblocks. Further, the apparatus may also map a first group of transform values which represent the image at the first image resolution to a second group of transform values which represent the image the second image resolution in the spatial frequency domain.

Abstract: An apparatus for transforming the resolution of an image from a first image resolution to a second image resolution using operations in the spatial frequency domain. A first group of transform values which represent the image at the first image resolution are mapped to a second group of transform values which represent the image at the second image resolution in the spatial frequency domain. The apparatus includes stored pre-computed values which are the mapping coefficient values between the first group of transform values and the second group of transform values. The pre-computed values are retrieved from a memory and used to directly map the first group of transform values to the second group of transform values in the spatial frequency domain.

Abstract: A high-definition television receiver includes circuitry to decode a received high-definition television signal to produce a digital data stream representing the corresponding high-definition television image. In addition, the receiver includes circuitry which generates a signal representing a reduced resolution image from the decoded data stream. The receiver provides both the high-definition television signal and the reduced resolution signal at an output port. A video tape recorder (VTR) receives the two signals, segments them and formats them onto the tape in a manner which allows a majority of the reduced resolution segments to be recovered and displayed in at least one of the VTR's trick-play modes. The reduced resolution image may be from the same channel or from a different channel and may also be displayed as an inset picture (PIX-IN-PIX) in the main high-definition image.

Abstract: A motion adaptive vertical filter is used to filter an interlaced video signal on a frame basis in areas of the image that are not in motion and on a field basis in areas that are in motion. A soft switch mixes the field filtered data and the frame filtered data in areas where there is relatively little motion to prevent artifacts which may be caused by abruptly switching between the two vertical filtering schemes. The frame vertical filter reduces the vertical resolution of still NTSC images to 180 cycles per picture height (CPH) while the field filter reduces the vertical resolution to 90 CPH.

Abstract: A video signal encoder uses an encoding system such as that developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). A key component of this encoding system reduces the number of bits required to encode the video signal. Apparatus according to the present invention, filters out high diagonal frequencies in the spatial domain of a video signal. Specifically, two dimensional (2-D) filtering is performed on frames of a video signal to filter out high diagonal spatial frequencies before the video signal is separated into blocks. These blocks may be encoded in fewer bits due to elimination of noise components and other image components having high diagonal frequencies.

Abstract: A video signal encoder uses an encoding system such as that developed by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). A key component of this encoding system increases the quantization step size of image data, thus decreasing its quantization resolution, to reduce the number of bits used to encode the data. Apparatus according to the present invention, monitors the color information being encoded and inhibits or reduces any increase in quantization step size for the luminance component and the color component of the image when signals representing saturated or nearly saturated red image components are being encoded.