Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrically conductive membrane separation from a mixture solution via membrane nanofiltration, electro-filtration, or electro-extraction by: generating an electric field at the membrane filter, holding the membrane filter at a constant electric potential, or driving a constant current through the membrane filter; feeding a mixture solution through the membrane nanofiltration system; and separating a component from the mixture solution into a permeate solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for electrically conductive membrane separation from a mixture solution via membrane nanofiltration, electro-filtration, or electro-extraction by: generating an electric field at the membrane filter, holding the membrane filter at a constant electric potential, or driving a constant current through the membrane filter; feeding a mixture solution through the membrane nanofiltration system; and separating a component from the mixture solution into a permeate solution.

Abstract: A gripper includes a body frame mounted on a magazine transfer robot. A first guide assembly is mounted on the body frame. A first gripping unit is movable along the first guide assembly. A second gripping unit is movable along the first guide assembly. A driver is configured to move the first gripping unit in a first direction. The driver is configured to move the second gripping unit in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first gripping unit includes a first finger unit and a second finger unit independently moveable with respect to the first finger unit. The second gripping unit is spaced apart from the first gripping unit. The second gripping unit includes a third finger unit and a fourth finger unit independently moveable with respect to the third finger unit.

Abstract: A gripper includes a body frame mounted on a magazine transfer robot. A first guide assembly is mounted on the body frame. A first gripping unit is movable along the first guide assembly. A second gripping unit is movable along the first guide assembly. A driver is configured to move the first gripping unit in a first direction. The driver is configured to move the second gripping unit in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first gripping unit includes a first finger unit and a second finger unit independently moveable with respect to the first finger unit. The second gripping unit is spaced apart from the first gripping unit. The second gripping unit includes a third finger unit and a fourth finger unit independently moveable with respect to the third finger unit.