Abstract: An electronic device and method for processing card operating information is provided. The electronic device includes a first memory which stores account information and card operating information, a second memory which stores payment required information, and a processor which receives the account information, transmits the account information to a first external device, and receives a response from the first external device. When the response indicates that the account information corresponds to the payment required information stored in the second memory, the processor receives, from the first external device, the card operating information corresponding to the payment required information and stores the received card operating information in the first memory.

Abstract: A logging optimization technology using a non-volatile memory is provided. A log record has a first link connected based on a page unit and a second link connected based on a transaction unit. The log record is stored in a non-volatile memory buffer. The log record stored in the non-volatile memory buffer is deleted or moved to a disk, if necessary.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for data recovery in a multitasking or multithreading environment is provided. The method includes creating a log record by performing bit-by-bit logging with respect to a lowest level bitmap of a multilevel bitmap, recovering the lowest level bitmap using the log record, and correcting a higher level bitmap corresponding to the lowest level bitmap based on the recovered lowest level bitmap.

Abstract: An adaptive logging apparatus and method are provided. Using the adaptive logging apparatus and method, it is possible to accumulatively store the size of log records generated according to a data update request, and selectively perform algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics (ARIES) logging and shadow paging logging, according to the size of the stored log records.

Abstract: An adaptive logging apparatus and method are provided. Using the adaptive logging apparatus and method, it is possible to accumulatively store the size of log records generated according to a data update request, and selectively perform algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics (ARIES) logging and shadow paging logging, according to the size of the stored log records.

Abstract: A logging optimization technology using a non-volatile memory is provided. A log record has a first link connected based on a page unit and a second link connected based on a transaction unit. The log record is stored in a non-volatile memory buffer. The log record stored in the non-volatile memory buffer is deleted or moved to a disk, if necessary.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of recovering a final display are provided. The apparatus includes a query-string-creating module creating query strings in response to a cursor-request message, a query-string-controlling module creating a first cursor as a result of processing the query strings, and returning the created first cursor to the query-string-creating module, and a cursor-recovery module storing information about the first cursor and recovering information about a second cursor in response to the cursor-request message.

Abstract: An n-gram based query processing apparatus and method are provided. A query processing is performed using only a portion of n-grams out of all n-grams with respect to the search key. A candidate set of documents having a possibility of including the search key is extracted using a posting list with respect to the portion of n-grams.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for data recovery in a multitasking or multithreading environment is provided. The method includes creating a log record by performing bit-by-bit logging with respect to a lowest level bitmap of a multilevel bitmap, recovering the lowest level bitmap using the log record, and correcting a higher level bitmap corresponding to the lowest level bitmap based on the recovered lowest level bitmap.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of recovering a final display are provided. The apparatus includes a query-string-creating module creating query strings in response to a cursor-request message, a query-string-controlling module creating a first cursor as a result of processing the query strings, and returning the created first cursor to the query-string-creating module, and a cursor-recovery module storing information about the first cursor and recovering information about a second cursor in response to the cursor-request message.