Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel amino acid derivative, a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical composition for treating hepatitis B or D, comprising same. A compound represented by chemical formula 1, according to the present invention, has the excellent effect of inhibiting the binding of HBV preS1 peptide by binding to NTCP, so as to have the effect of inhibiting the intracellular entry and cell adhesion of HBV, and thus is usable as a composition for preventing, treating, or alleviating diseases caused by HBV and HDV infection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method therefor, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the cathode. The cathode for a lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode active material layer formed to contain a very low content of conductive material at the outermost side thereof, whereby the cathode can have high thermal stability when an internal short-circuit of a battery occurs, and can achieve high-power properties when applied to a secondary battery.

Abstract: Provided is an end tool including: a first jaw configured to rotate independently; a J11 pulley coupled with the first jaw and configured to rotate around a first axis formed at an end tool hub; a J16 pulley formed at one side of the J11 pulley and configured to rotate around a second axis formed at one side of the first axis; a J12 pulley and a J14 pulley formed at one side of the J16 pulley, and configured to rotate around a third axis formed at a predetermined angle with the first axis. The end tool may further include: a first jaw wire configured to at least partially contact the J12 pulley, the J11 pulley, the J16 pulley, and the J14 pulley; a J16 pulley formed between the J11 pulley and a J12 pulley/a J14 pulley; and the first jaw wire is located on an internal tangent of the J11 pulley and the J16 pulley.

Abstract: An end tool for a surgical instrument includes an end tool hub having a first jaw coupling pulley, a second jaw coupling pulley, a first jaw auxiliary pulley assembly, and a second jaw auxiliary pulley assembly rotatably positioned thereon, the end tool hub being configured to guide a first path of a first jaw first wire portion and a second path of a first jaw second wire portion, both extending from the first jaw auxiliary pulley assembly, to one side of a first reference plane defined as an imaginary plane, and to guide third path of a second jaw first wire portion and a fourth path of a second jaw second wire portion, both extending from the second jaw auxiliary pulley assembly, to another side of the first reference plane.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical instrument, and more particularly, a surgical instrument for electrocautery with improved insulation performance, capable of being mounted on a robot arm or operated manually for use in laparoscopic surgery or various other surgeries.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical instrument, in more detail, a surgical instrument that may be manually operated to be used in laparoscopic surgery or various other kinds of surgery. To this end, the present invention provides a surgical instrument including an end tool configured to be rotatable in at least two directions; and a manipulator including a pitch operator controlling a pitch movement of the end tool, a yaw operator controlling a yaw movement of the end tool, and an actuation operator controlling an actuation movement of the end tool; a power transfer unit configured to transfer an operation of the manipulator to the end tool; and a connection unit extending in a first direction (X-axis), and connecting the manipulator to the end tool when the end tool is coupled to an end portion of the connection unit and the manipulator is coupled to the other end portion of the connection unit, wherein at least a part of the manipulator extends towards the end tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode for a lithium secondary battery, a manufacturing method therefor, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the cathode. The cathode for a lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode active material layer formed to contain a very low content of conductive material at the outermost side thereof, whereby the cathode can have high thermal stability when an internal short-circuit of a battery occurs, and can achieve high-power properties when applied to a secondary battery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition containing ?-lapachone as an active ingredient for prevention or treatment of cholestatic liver disease, and can provide agents for effectively preventing and treating cholestatic liver disease.

Abstract: A surgical instrument includes a manipulation part coupled to an end tool connection part and formed to control an operation of an end tool, and a driving unit formed to be detachably attached to the manipulation part and formed to supply a driving force for the operation of the end tool through the manipulation part.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring brain cell activity in artificial blood circulation according to an embodiment of the present invention may include a measuring unit (10) that measures EEG signals; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 20 that converts the EEG signals measured at the measuring unit 10 into digital signals; a control unit 50 that calculates EEG parameters from the digital EEG signals converted at the ADC 20, and calculates end-tidal carbon dioxide tension and cerebral blood flow from the EEG parameters.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical instrument, in more detail, a surgical instrument that may be manually operated to be used in laparoscopic surgery or various other kinds of surgery. To this end, the present invention provides a surgical instrument including an end tool configured to be rotatable in at least two directions; and a manipulator including a pitch operator controlling a pitch movement of the end tool, a yaw operator controlling a yaw movement of the end tool, and an actuation operator controlling an actuation movement of the end tool; a power transfer unit configured to transfer an operation of the manipulator to the end tool; and a connection unit extending in a first direction (X-axis), and connecting the manipulator to the end tool when the end tool is coupled to an end portion of the connection unit and the manipulator is coupled to the other end portion of the connection unit, wherein at least a part of the manipulator extends towards the end tool.

Abstract: Provided is a roll joint member for a surgical instrument. The roll joint member includes a wire guide portion, a guide member including a wire support portion, and a shaft member rotatably coupled to the guide member.

Abstract: A robot arm for minimally invasive surgery includes a modular structure in which a yaw axis of an active arm rotatable relative to a setup arm is disposed to be inclined with respect to a roll axis of an instrument for surgery and a joint of the active arm and a remote center of motion (RCM) form a parallelogram, thereby preventing a gimbal lock phenomenon, enabling configuration of various RCMs, and having various entry angles.

Abstract: According to the present disclosure, provided is a surgical instrument in which an actual motion of bending an end tool or performing a surgical treatment intuitively matches a motion of a manipulation portion corresponding thereto. In detail, to this end, provided are an end tool having various degrees of freedom, a manipulation portion having a structure to enable intuitive manipulation of a motion of the end tool, and a driving force transmission portion for transmitting a driving force of the manipulation portion to the end tool so that the end tool operates as manipulated by the manipulation portion.

Abstract: Provided is a surgical instrument for electrocautery, and in particular, a surgical instrument for electrocautery installed on a robot arm or manually operable in order to be used in laparoscopic surgery or other various surgeries.

Abstract: The present invention relates a novel Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ICL-46 strain and its uses for anti-inflammation, anti-allergic, skin soothing, and skin microorganism regulation. With the strain according to the aspect, it has anti-inflammation, anti-allergic, skin immunity enhancement, atopic dermatitis improvement, skin soothing, and skin microorganism regulating effects, so it can be applied in various ways to cosmetics, medicines, and foods.

Abstract: Provided is a manipulation part for a surgical instrument including an end tool, the manipulation part including a handle that is grippable, and an actuation manipulation part formed on one side of the handle and configured to control an actuation motion of the end tool, wherein the actuation manipulation part includes an actuation lever that is rotatable around an actuation rotation shaft, and an elastic member that is arranged between the handle and the actuation lever to be elastically deformable, and provides a restoring force to the actuation lever, and the elastic member includes a slide portion that is slidable while in contact with one of the handle and the actuation lever.

Abstract: Provided are a method of producing tempeh appropriate for mass production, tempeh produced thereby, and aged fermented tempeh.