Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate that includes a plurality of first connectors, at least one second connector, and a plurality of first wires connecting the plurality of first connectors and the at least one second connector, a plurality of storage devices connected to the plurality of first connectors, and at least one battery connected to the second connector, the at least one battery configured to, receive information related to the plurality of storage devices through the plurality of first wires, and supply auxiliary power to the plurality of storage devices based on the received information in response to a detected sudden power off (SPO) event.

Abstract: A functional encryption system includes a key generation device configured to generate a public key and a secret key, based on a master key and a parameter vector, an encryption device configured to generate encrypted data by encrypting an input vector, based on the public key, and a decryption device configured to generate decrypted data corresponding to an approximation value of an inner product of the parameter vector and the input vector by decrypting the encrypted data based on the secret key. Security of data used in machine learning, biometric authentication, etc. may be reinforced and attacks using quantum computers may be blocked by incurring random noise in the decrypted data based on the functional encryption using the LWE problem and the lattice problem.

Abstract: Methods of operating storage systems that include a plurality of solid state drives, and the storage systems, are described. For example, a method may include, configuring the plurality of solid state drives into an erasure coding set for applying erasure coding, monitoring a reliability status of each of the plurality of solid state drives, selecting at least one solid state drive whose reliability status is lower than a reference value from among the plurality of solid state drives to exclude the at least one solid state drive from the erasure coding set, and constructing a replication set for applying data protection of a replication method by using the at least one solid state drive excluded from the erasure coding set.

Abstract: An authentication method including, at an apparatus—generating a master secret key and a master public key, generating a secret key and a public key using enrollment target personal information, the master secret key and the master public key, and generating first information using the enrollment target personal information. Communicating the secret key and the first information from the apparatus to the authentication server, storing the secret key and the first information in a secure area of the authentication server, generating at the apparatus, a ciphertext encrypted using authentication target personal information and the public key, second information using the authentication target personal information and communicating the ciphertext and the second information from the apparatus to the authentication server.

Abstract: An operating method for a storage device including a storage controller and a non-volatile memory may include; receiving a command including data and a field related to the data from a host, determining an operation mode based on the command, selectively encrypting the data based on the operation mode to generate selectively encrypted data, and storing the selectively encrypted data in the non-volatile memory, wherein the selectively encrypting of the data includes encrypting the data based on a first encryption algorithm when the operation mode is a first operation mode, and encrypting the data based on a second encryption algorithm different from the first encryption algorithm when the operation mode is a second operation mode.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a storage device including a memory controller and a memory device, the operating method including storing a plurality of streams received from a host in the memory device; performing a management operation on a first storage region of the memory device in which a first stream from among the plurality of streams is stored; and performing a management operation on a second storage region of the memory device in which a second stream selected from among the plurality of streams based on an attribute of the first stream is stored.

Abstract: A storage device includes: nonvolatile memory devices including first and second nonvolatile memory devices; a storage controller which receives data blocks from a host, generates a first parity block by performing a first XOR operation, and distributes the data blocks and first parity block to respective nonvolatile memory devices; and a data bus for transferring signals between the nonvolatile memory devices and the storage controller. The storage controller receives a new data block from the host and provides the new data block to the second nonvolatile memory device. The first nonvolatile memory device provides the first data block to the second nonvolatile memory device without using the storage controller. The second nonvolatile memory device generates a new parity block by performing a second XOR operation on the new data block, the first data block, and the first parity block without the first nonvolatile memory device performing an XOR operation.

Abstract: A storage system includes: an interconnector; a plurality of storage devices connected to the interconnector and configured to store data; a host device connected to the interconnector, and configured to: set a plurality of erasure coding schemes that are different from each other, and determine a target erasure coding scheme corresponding to original data to be stored in the plurality of storage devices among the plurality of erasure coding schemes, based on device characteristics of the plurality of storage devices or data characteristics of the original data; and an erasure coding controller configured to: divide the original data into a plurality of data blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, and generate one or more parity blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, by encoding the plurality of data blocks.

Abstract: A method is provided to operate a storage device including a storage controller and a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices. A plurality of original data blocks are received at the storage controller from a host. An original parity block is generated based on the original data blocks. The original data blocks and the original parity block are stored in respective ones of the nonvolatile memory devices, wherein a first original data block of the original data blocks is stored in a first one of the nonvolatile memory devices, and wherein the original parity block is stored in a second one of the nonvolatile memory devices. A new data block corresponding to the first original data block is received at the storage controller from the host after storing the original data blocks and the original parity block. The new data block is stored in the first nonvolatile memory device.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a host device and a plurality of storage devices. The host device includes a processor and a baseboard management controller (BMC). Each of the plurality of storage devices includes a storage controller and a micro controller unit (MCU). The processor and the storage controller support in-band communication, and the BMC and the MCU support out-of-band communication. The BMC receives monitoring data from the MCU of each of the plurality of storage devices based on the out-of-band communication. The processor allocates a first workload among one or more workloads to a first storage device among the plurality of storage devices, based on a monitoring data set including the monitoring data. The first storage device executes the first workload based on the in-band communication.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage server which includes a plurality of storage devices and a storage node configured to control the plurality of storage devices is provided. The method includes grouping first virtual machines based on workload characteristics of the first virtual machines, to generate a virtual machine group table; receiving, from first storage devices, attribute information of the first storage devices, the first storage devices being allocated to the first virtual machines; collecting recovery information from the first storage devices; generating a recovery sequence table by determining recovery sequences based on the virtual machine group table, the attribute information, and the recovery information; and providing a corresponding recovery sequence to a second storage device of the plurality of storage devices, based on the recovery sequence table, the second storage device being allocated to a new second virtual machine different from the first virtual machines.

Abstract: In a method of writing data in a storage device, a data write request is received from a host device. Spatial information is received from a spatial sensor included in the storage device based on the data write request. A logical storage area management table is updated based on the data write request and the spatial information such that target data to be stored is written into a target storage area corresponding to the spatial information among a plurality of logical storage areas. A program command and the target data are transmitted to a nonvolatile memory such that the target data is programmed into a physical storage area in the nonvolatile memory corresponding to the target storage area.

Abstract: A storage device includes: a plurality of non-volatile memory devices; a buffer configured to store user data and event data of a vehicle; a parity generating circuit configured to generate parity data; and a controller configured to: generate at least one user data segment corresponding to at least one first segment from a plurality of first segments based on the user data, generate, based on predetermined information generated in a state in which at least one user data segment is generated, at least one event data segment based on the event data corresponding to at least one first segment from the plurality of first segments that is different from the first segment corresponding to the user data segment, and store a stripe comprising the at least one user data segment, the at least one event data segment, and the parity data in the plurality of non-volatile memory devices.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate that includes a plurality of first connectors, at least one second connector, and a plurality of first wires connecting the plurality of first connectors and the at least one second connector, a plurality of storage devices connected to the plurality of first connectors, and at least one battery connected to the second connector, the at least one battery configured to, receive information related to the plurality of storage devices through the plurality of first wires, and supply auxiliary power to the plurality of storage devices based on the received information in response to a detected sudden power off (SPO) event.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a processor, an interface bus connected to the processor, and a plurality of compute express link (CXL) devices connected to the interface bus, the plurality of CXL devices including two or more different types of CXL devices. The processor is configured to output a combined program code to the interface bus, the combined program code including a plurality of program codes, each of the plurality of CXL devices are configured to receive the combined program code from the interface bus, and each of the plurality of CXL devices is configured to store one of the plurality of program codes of the combined program code which corresponds to a type of the CXL device, in order to change operation of the CXL device according to the stored one of the plurality of program codes.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a host device and a plurality of storage devices. The host device includes a processor and a baseboard management controller (BMC). Each of the plurality of storage devices includes a storage controller and a micro controller unit (MCU). The processor and the storage controller support in-band communication, and the BMC and the MCU support out-of-band communication. The BMC receives monitoring data from the MCU of each of the plurality of storage devices based on the out-of-band communication. The processor allocates a first workload among one or more workloads to a first storage device among the plurality of storage devices, based on a monitoring data set including the monitoring data. The first storage device executes the first workload based on the in-band communication.

Abstract: In a storage system, a first computational storage device may be configured to store first data used to execute a program, and a second computational storage device may be configured to store second data used to execute the program. The second computational storage device may be configured to receive the program offloaded from the host device, bring the first data from the first computational storage device, and execute the program using a plurality of data including the first data and the second data.

Abstract: A storage system is provided. The system includes: a network interface device configured to communicate with a host and including a first computing circuit configured to support first offloading functions and first algorithms corresponding thereto; a computing storage device configured to store data and including a second computing circuit configured to support second offloading functions and second algorithms corresponding thereto; and a system controller configured to perform a management operation to control an offloading computing operation to be performed by one of the first computing circuit and the second computing circuit according to an offloading request of the host, based on offload capability information about the first offloading functions, the second offloading functions, the first algorithms, and the second algorithms.

Abstract: An electronic system includes a computational storage device comprising a computing circuit and a memory device, wherein the computing circuit is configured to perform an offloading computing operation, and the memory device is configured to store an offloading program for the offloading computing operation, and a host configured to transmit, in response to an offloading request from a virtual machine, an offloading-related command for controlling the offloading computing operation and management information about the offloading program to the computational storage device. The computational storage device is configured to delete the offloading program based on the management information.

Abstract: A storage system includes: an interconnector; a plurality of storage devices connected to the interconnector and configured to store data; a host device connected to the interconnector, and configured to: set a plurality of erasure coding schemes that are different from each other, and determine a target erasure coding scheme corresponding to original data to be stored in the plurality of storage devices among the plurality of erasure coding schemes, based on device characteristics of the plurality of storage devices or data characteristics of the original data; and an erasure coding controller configured to: divide the original data into a plurality of data blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, and generate one or more parity blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, by encoding the plurality of data blocks.