Abstract: An electronic system includes a computational storage device comprising a computing circuit and a memory device, wherein the computing circuit is configured to perform an offloading computing operation, and the memory device is configured to store an offloading program for the offloading computing operation, and a host configured to transmit, in response to an offloading request from a virtual machine, an offloading-related command for controlling the offloading computing operation and management information about the offloading program to the computational storage device. The computational storage device is configured to delete the offloading program based on the management information.

Abstract: A storage system includes: an interconnector; a plurality of storage devices connected to the interconnector and configured to store data; a host device connected to the interconnector, and configured to: set a plurality of erasure coding schemes that are different from each other, and determine a target erasure coding scheme corresponding to original data to be stored in the plurality of storage devices among the plurality of erasure coding schemes, based on device characteristics of the plurality of storage devices or data characteristics of the original data; and an erasure coding controller configured to: divide the original data into a plurality of data blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, and generate one or more parity blocks corresponding to the target erasure coding scheme, by encoding the plurality of data blocks.

Abstract: The present application relates to an aroG aldolase (phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase) variant, a microorganism comprising the same, and a method for producing amino acids using the same.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage server which includes a plurality of storage devices and a storage node configured to control the plurality of storage devices is provided. The method includes grouping first virtual machines based on workload characteristics of the first virtual machines, to generate a virtual machine group table; receiving, from first storage devices, attribute information of the first storage devices, the first storage devices being allocated to the first virtual machines; collecting recovery information from the first storage devices; generating a recovery sequence table by determining recovery sequences based on the virtual machine group table, the attribute information, and the recovery information; and providing a corresponding recovery sequence to a second storage device of the plurality of storage devices, based on the recovery sequence table, the second storage device being allocated to a new second virtual machine different from the first virtual machines.

Abstract: A method is provided to operate a storage device including a storage controller and a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices. A plurality of original data blocks are received at the storage controller from a host. An original parity block is generated based on the original data blocks. The original data blocks and the original parity block are stored in respective ones of the nonvolatile memory devices, wherein a first original data block of the original data blocks is stored in a first one of the nonvolatile memory devices, and wherein the original parity block is stored in a second one of the nonvolatile memory devices. A new data block corresponding to the first original data block is received at the storage controller from the host after storing the original data blocks and the original parity block. The new data block is stored in the first nonvolatile memory device.

Abstract: Methods of operating storage systems that include a plurality of solid state drives, and the storage systems, are described. For example, a method may include, configuring the plurality of solid state drives into an erasure coding set for applying erasure coding, monitoring a reliability status of each of the plurality of solid state drives, selecting at least one solid state drive whose reliability status is lower than a reference value from among the plurality of solid state drives to exclude the at least one solid state drive from the erasure coding set, and constructing a replication set for applying data protection of a replication method by using the at least one solid state drive excluded from the erasure coding set.

Abstract: A storage device includes a non-volatile memory including a plurality of namespaces including a plurality of logical blocks; and a storage controller configured to, for each of the plurality of namespaces, check a capacity that is a number of allocable logical blocks, among the plurality of logical blocks, and a size that is a sum of a number of currently allocated logical blocks, among the plurality of logical blocks, and the number of allocable logical blocks, detect a first namespace, among the plurality of namespaces, by using the capacity and the size, and provide at least a portion of the allocable logical blocks of a second namespace, among the plurality of namespaces, to the first namespace.

Abstract: A functional encryption system includes a key generation device configured to generate a public key and a secret key, based on a master key and a parameter vector, an encryption device configured to generate encrypted data by encrypting an input vector, based on the public key, and a decryption device configured to generate decrypted data corresponding to an approximation value of an inner product of the parameter vector and the input vector by decrypting the encrypted data based on the secret key. Security of data used in machine learning, biometric authentication, etc. may be reinforced and attacks using quantum computers may be blocked by incurring random noise in the decrypted data based on the functional encryption using the LWE problem and the lattice problem.

Abstract: A method is provided. The method includes: generating a public key and a secret key, based on a master key and a parameter vector indicating parameters of a first layer of a machine learning model; generating encrypted data by encrypting, based on the public key, an input vector indicating input data of the machine learning model; generating decrypted data corresponding to an approximation value of an inner product of the parameter vector and the input vector by decrypting the encrypted data based on the secret key; and controlling the machine learning model based on the decrypted data to obtain an output value.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a storage device including a memory controller and a memory device, the operating method including storing a plurality of streams received from a host in the memory device; performing a management operation on a first storage region of the memory device in which a first stream from among the plurality of streams is stored; and performing a management operation on a second storage region of the memory device in which a second stream selected from among the plurality of streams based on an attribute of the first stream is stored.

Abstract: In a method of writing data in a storage device, a data write request is received from a host device. Spatial information is received from a spatial sensor included in the storage device based on the data write request. A logical storage area management table is updated based on the data write request and the spatial information such that target data to be stored is written into a target storage area corresponding to the spatial information among a plurality of logical storage areas. A program command and the target data are transmitted to a nonvolatile memory such that the target data is programmed into a physical storage area in the nonvolatile memory corresponding to the target storage area.

Abstract: An authentication method including, at an apparatus—generating a master secret key and a master public key, generating a secret key and a public key using enrollment target personal information, the master secret key and the master public key, and generating first information using the enrollment target personal information. Communicating the secret key and the first information from the apparatus to the authentication server, storing the secret key and the first information in a secure area of the authentication server, generating at the apparatus, a ciphertext encrypted using authentication target personal information and the public key, second information using the authentication target personal information and communicating the ciphertext and the second information from the apparatus to the authentication server.

Abstract: An operating method for a storage device including a storage controller and a non-volatile memory may include; receiving a command including data and a field related to the data from a host, determining an operation mode based on the command, selectively encrypting the data based on the operation mode to generate selectively encrypted data, and storing the selectively encrypted data in the non-volatile memory, wherein the selectively encrypting of the data includes encrypting the data based on a first encryption algorithm when the operation mode is a first operation mode, and encrypting the data based on a second encryption algorithm different from the first encryption algorithm when the operation mode is a second operation mode.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and an operating method thereof. The operating method reads an observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure a first read data symbol, reads a plurality of interference memory cells adjacent to the observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure second read data symbols, and determines a logical value of the observation memory cell based on the first read data symbol and the second read data symbols.

Abstract: A method of programming a non-volatile memory device including a plurality of strings arranged in rows and columns comprises activating all or a part of selection lines in one column at the same time depending upon data to be programmed, driving a bit line corresponding to the one column with a bit line program voltage, and repeating the activating and the driving until bit lines corresponding to the columns are all driven.

Abstract: A method of programming a non-volatile memory device including a plurality of strings arranged in rows and columns comprises activating all or a part of selection lines in one column at the same time depending upon data to be programmed, driving a bit line corresponding to the one column with a bit line program voltage, and repeating the activating and the driving until bit lines corresponding to the columns are all driven.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and an operating method thereof. The operating method reads an observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure a first read data symbol, reads a plurality of interference memory cells adjacent to the observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure second read data symbols, and determines a logical value of the observation memory cell based on the first read data symbol and the second read data symbols.

Abstract: A method of programming a non-volatile memory device including a plurality of strings arranged in rows and columns comprises activating all or a part of selection lines in one column at the same time depending upon data to be programmed, driving a bit line corresponding to the one column with a bit line program voltage, and repeating the activating and the driving until bit lines corresponding to the columns are all driven.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and an operating method thereof. The operating method reads an observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure a first read data symbol, reads a plurality of interference memory cells adjacent to the observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure second read data symbols, and determines a logical value of the observation memory cell based on the first read data symbol and the second read data symbols.

Abstract: Provided are a memory system and an operating method thereof. The operating method reads an observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure a first read data symbol, reads a plurality of interference memory cells adjacent to the observation memory cell at least one time with different read voltages to configure second read data symbols, and determines a logical value of the observation memory cell based on the first read data symbol and the second read data symbols.