Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array is proposed. The array includes a first sub-array including a plurality of VCSEL units arranged along a first axis. The first sub-array includes a first VCSEL unit including a first upper contact and a first bottom contact, and a second VCSEL unit including a second upper contact and a second bottom contact. The array also includes a first contact electrically connected to the first upper contact and the second bottom contact, and a second contact electrically connected to the second upper contact and the first bottom contact. The first VCSEL unit operates when a first voltage is applied to the first contact and a second voltage smaller than the first voltage is applied to the second contact. The second VCSEL unit operates when the second voltage is applied to the first contact and the first voltage is applied to the second contact.

Abstract: Proposed is a lidar device. The lidar device may include a polygonal mirror rotating along a rotational axis, reflecting a laser beam provided from a side toward an object and receiving a laser beam reflected from the object. The lidar device may also include a laser emitting module including a plurality of VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) elements emitting a laser beam toward the polygonal mirror and arranged along the rotational axis. The lidar device may further include a metasurface forming, via a plurality of nanopillars disposed on an emission surface side of the laser emitting module, a beam of line pattern line pattern being extended along the rotational axis using the laser beam emitted from the laser emitting module. The lidar device may further include a sensor unit receiving, via the polygonal mirror, the laser beam reflected from the object.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array, comprising: a first sub-array includes a plurality of VCSEL units arranged along a first axis, and wherein the first sub-array includes: a first VCSEL unit includes a first upper contact and a first bottom contact; and a second VCSEL unit includes a second upper contact and a second bottom contact; a first contact electrically connected to the first upper contact and the second bottom contact; and a second contact electrically connected to the second upper contact and the first bottom contact, wherein the first VCSEL unit is operated when a first voltage is applied to the first contact and a second voltage smaller than the first voltage is applied to the second contact, and wherein the second VCSEL unit is operated when the second voltage is applied to the first contact and the first voltage is applied to the second contact.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array, comprising: a first sub-array includes a plurality of VCSEL units arranged along a first axis, and wherein the first sub-array includes: a first VCSEL unit includes a first upper contact and a first bottom contact; and a second VCSEL unit includes a second upper contact and a second bottom contact; a first contact electrically connected to the first upper contact and the second bottom contact; and a second contact electrically connected to the second upper contact and the first bottom contact, wherein the first VCSEL unit is operated when a first voltage is applied to the first contact and a second voltage smaller than the first voltage is applied to the second contact, and wherein the second VCSEL unit is operated when the second voltage is applied to the first contact and the first voltage is applied to the second contact.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array, comprising: a first sub-array includes a plurality of VCSEL units arranged along a first axis, and wherein the first sub-array includes: a first VCSEL unit includes a first upper contact and a first bottom contact; and a second VCSEL unit includes a second upper contact and a second bottom contact; a first contact electrically connected to the first upper contact and the second bottom contact; and a second contact electrically connected to the second upper contact and the first bottom contact, wherein the first VCSEL unit is operated when a first voltage is applied to the first contact and a second voltage smaller than the first voltage is applied to the second contact, and wherein the second VCSEL unit is operated when the second voltage is applied to the first contact and the first voltage is applied to the second contact.

Abstract: A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array, comprising: a first sub-array includes a plurality of VCSEL units arranged along a first axis, and wherein the first sub-array includes: a first VCSEL unit includes a first upper contact and a first bottom contact; and a second VCSEL unit includes a second upper contact and a second bottom contact; a first contact electrically connected to the first upper contact and the second bottom contact; and a second contact electrically connected to the second upper contact and the first bottom contact, wherein the first VCSEL unit is operated when a first voltage is applied to the first contact and a second voltage smaller than the first voltage is applied to the second contact, and wherein the second VCSEL unit is operated when the second voltage is applied to the first contact and the first voltage is applied to the second contact.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: A lidar device comprises: a laser emitting unit for including a plurality of VCSEL elements emitting a laser beam; a metasurface for including a plurality of beam steering cells arranged in a form of two-dimensional array by a row direction and a column direction, wherein the plurality of beam steering cells guide the laser beam by using nanopillars; wherein the nanopillars included in the plurality of beam steering cells form a subwavelength pattern, wherein the increase of an attribute related to at least one of the width, height, and number per unit length of the nanopillars is repetitive along the direction from the center of the metasurface to the position of the row corresponding to the plurality of beam steering cells.

Abstract: Provided are a depth camera and methods of measuring a depth image by using the depth camera. The depth camera is a time-of-flight (TOF) depth camera including: an illumination device that illuminates a patterned light to an object; a filter unit that reduces noise light included in light reflected by the object; and an image sensor that provides a depth image of the object by receiving light that enters through the filter unit. The illumination device includes: a light source; and a patterned light generator that changes the light emitted from the light source into the patterned light. The filter unit includes a band pass filter and an optical modulator. The patterned light generator may be a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element.

Abstract: Provided is a 3-dimensional (3D) image acquisition apparatus and a method of driving the same. The 3D image acquisition apparatus includes a light source, an optical shutter, an image sensor, an image signal processor, and a controller. The light source is configured to project illumination light on an object. The optical shutter is configured to modulate the illumination light reflected from the object with a predetermined gain waveform. The image sensor is configured to generate a depth image by detecting the illumination light modulated by the optical shutter. The image signal processor is configured to calculate a distance from the 3D image acquisition apparatus to the object using the depth image generated by the image sensor. The controller is configured to control an operation of the light source and an operation of the optical shutter.

Abstract: Provided are a depth camera and methods of measuring a depth image by using the depth camera. The depth camera is a time-of-flight (TOF) depth camera including: an illumination device that illuminates a patterned light to an object; a filter unit that reduces noise light included in light reflected by the object; and an image sensor that provides a depth image of the object by receiving light that enters through the filter unit. The illumination device includes: a light source; and a patterned light generator that changes the light emitted from the light source into the patterned light. The filter unit includes a band pass filter and an optical modulator. The patterned light generator may be a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element.

Abstract: Provided are a depth camera and methods of measuring a depth image by using the depth camera. The depth camera is a time-of-flight (TOF) depth camera including: an illumination device that illuminates a patterned light to an object; a filter unit that reduces noise light included in light reflected by the object; and an image sensor that provides a depth image of the object by receiving light that enters through the filter unit. The illumination device includes: a light source; and a patterned light generator that changes the light emitted from the light source into the patterned light. The filter unit includes a band pass filter and an optical modulator. The patterned light generator may be a diffractive optical element or a refractive optical element.

Abstract: Provided are a three-dimensional (3D) image acquisition apparatus, and a method of generating a depth image in the 3D image acquisition apparatus. The method may include sequentially projecting a light transmission signal, which is generated from a light source, to a subject, modulating reflected light, which is reflected by the subject, using a light modulation signal, calculating a phase delay using a combination of a first plurality of images of two groups, from among a second plurality of images of all groups obtained by capturing the modulated reflected light, and generating a depth image based on the phase delay.

Abstract: A method for forming concrete poles using centrifugal force comprises steps of positioning first and second inner moulds into first and second outer moulds, wherein a decoration and function shaping part is detachably attached on the inner circumference of each of the first and second inner moulds, assembling the first and second outer moulds with the first and second inner moulds, wherein the assembled first and second outer moulds and first and second inner moulds constitute a concrete pole mould, pouring concrete into inside of the concrete pole mould, rotating the concrete pole mould at high speed, and disassembling the first and second inner moulds from the first and second outer moulds. The mould device for performing the method and the concreted pole made by the method are also provided.