Abstract: A coaxial interface to a planar transmission structure of a printed circuit board (“PCB”) is provided in a shielded edge launch connector. The shielded edge launch connector is suitable for use in surface mount technology (“SMT”) applications. A center pin of the shielded edge launch connector is soldered to a solder pad on the PCB, which couples the center pin to a center conductor of the planar transmission structure. Shielding incorporated in the shielded edge launch connector is soldered to ground areas on a surface of PCB, electromagnetically shielding the center and providing a ground path to wrap ground current around the center pin from the surface of the PCB. Wrapping the ground current to a surface of the PCB reduces the sensitivity of the high-frequency performance of the system to PCB thickness and edge tolerances, providing improved impedance continuity.

Abstract: A coaxial connection is electromagnetically shielded at an interface between a surface mountable coaxial connector and a planar circuit operating in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency ranges. In addition or alternatively, the coaxial connection reduces a potential impedance mismatch associated with attaching a coaxial transmission line of the coaxial connector to a planar transmission line of the planar circuit.

Abstract: A coaxial interface to a planar transmission structure of a printed circuit board (“PCB”) is provided in a shielded edge launch connector. The shielded edge launch connector is suitable for use in surface mount technology (“SMT”) applications. A center pin of the shielded edge launch connector is soldered to a solder pad on the PCB, which couples the center pin to a center conductor of the planar transmission structure. Shielding incorporated in the shielded edge launch connector is soldered to ground areas on a surface of PCB, electromagnetically shielding the center and providing a ground path to wrap ground current around the center pin from the surface of the PCB. Wrapping the ground current to a surface of the PCB reduces the sensitivity of the high-frequency performance of the system to PCB thickness and edge tolerances, providing improved impedance continuity.

Abstract: A coaxial connection is electromagnetically shielded at an interface between a surface mountable coaxial connector and a planar circuit operating in the radio frequency (RF) and microwave frequency ranges. In addition or alternatively, the coaxial connection reduces a potential impedance mismatch associated with attaching a coaxial transmission line of the coaxial connector to a planar transmission line of the planar circuit.

Abstract: A system for imaging a flame and the background scene. The flame imaging system consists of two charge-coupled-device (CCD) cameras. One camera uses a 800 nm long pass filter which during overcast conditions blocks sufficient background light so the hydrogen flame is brighter than the background light, and the second CCD camera uses a 1100 nm long pass filter, which blocks the solar background in full sunshine conditions such that the hydrogen flame is brighter than the solar background. Two electronic viewfinders convert the signal from the cameras into a visible image. The operator can select the appropriate filtered camera to use depending on the current light conditions. In addition, a narrow band pass filtered InGaAs sensor at 1360 nm triggers an audible alarm and a flashing LED if the sensor detects a flame, providing additional flame detection so the operator does not overlook a small flame.

Abstract: A flame detector employs a plurality of wavelength selective radiation detectors and a digital signal processor programmed to analyze each of the detector signals, and determine whether radiation is received directly from a small flame source that warrants generation of an alarm. The processor's algorithm employs a normalized cross-correlation analysis of the detector signals to discriminate between radiation received directly from a flame and radiation received from a reflection of a flame to insure that reflections will not trigger an alarm. In addition, the algorithm employs a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) frequency spectrum analysis of one of the detector signals to discriminate between flames of different sizes. In a specific application, the detector incorporates two infrared (IR) detectors and one ultraviolet (UV) detector for discriminating between a directly sensed small hydrogen flame, and reflections from a large hydrogen flame.