Abstract: A hydrogen permeation membrane in the form of a metal coating such as palium and alloys of palladium less than 100 microns in thickness supported by a fabric with a mesh width not exceeding 50 microns. A diffusion blocking material such as nickel and alloys of nickel may be provided. The metal coating may be in the range of about 10 to 30 microns, and the mesh width may be in the range of about 2 to 20 microns.

Abstract: A tubular reactor, especially for carrying out catalytic processes at high emperatures, wherein the tubular reaction zone is substantially occupied by the catalysts. The catalyst can be withdrawn in its entirety from the reactor tube, is surrounded by a gas-permeable envelope, and is supported by a longitudinal carrier. Preferably, the carrier is formed by a central tube serving for a heat exchanging passage of reaction gas and the envelope is subdivided into a series of closely consecutive catalyst filled baskets each including a wire mesh side wall having perforated front plates, all baskets being threaded on and supported by the central tube.