Abstract: The present invention relates to a new highly selective process for the preparation of enantiomerically pure halogeno-phenyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic esters of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new highly selective process for the preparation of enantiomerically pure halogeno-phenyl-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic esters of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: 4-Phenyl-3-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine esters are prepared by reaction of benzaldehydes with ketoesters and enamines, if appropriate with isolation of the ylidene intermediate products, or by esterification of corresponding dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids with alcohols.The new 4-phenyl-3-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine esters can be employed as active compounds in medicaments for the treatment of the central nervous system, in particular as cerebral therapeutics.

Abstract: This invention relates to benzolididene compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.2 represents the radical ##STR2## in which R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are identical or different and denote halogen, cyano, ethinyl, trifluoromethoxy, methylthio, nitro, trifluoromethyl or straight-chain or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl or alkoxy having up to 4 carbon atoms, and one of the substituents optionally represents hydrogen,or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the new compound rac-isopropyl 2-methoxyethyl 4-(2-chloro-3-cyano-phenyl)1,4 -dihydro-2,6-dimethylpyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate and its pure enantiomers, processes for their preparation and their use as medicaments, in particular for the treatment of cerebral and neuronal disorders, and a new intermediate for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to new aryl-substituted alkoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-5-carboxylic acid esters, processes for their preparation and their use in medicaments, in particular as agents having a cerebral action.

Abstract: 4-Heterocyclyl-substituted dihydropyridines are prepared by reacting appropriate aldehydes with .beta.-keto esters and aminocrotonic acid esters, or by esterifying 4-hetero-cyclyl-substituted dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids. The 4-heterocyclyl-substituted dihydropyridines can be employed in medicaments, in particular for the treatment of disorders of the central nervous system.

Abstract: 4-Heterocyclophenyl-substituted dihydropyridines ##STR1## are prepared either by reacting suitable aldehydes with amino esters and .beta.-keto esters, or preparing the heterocyclic substituents of the 4-phenyl by cyclization of corresponding amidines or hydrazides, or esterifying dihydropyridinecarboxylic acids, which are already substituted by heterocyclic radicals, with corresponding alcohols. The 4-heterocyclophenyl-substituted dihydropyridines can be employed in medicaments, in particular for treatment of diseases of the central nervous system.

Abstract: Aryl alkenoic acid derivatives, and physiologically acceptable salts thereof, are provided which are potent leukotriene antagonists and may be used for the treatment of circulatory diseases and preferably for respiratory diseases such as asthma. The derivatives have a general formula I ##STR1## in which X is --S--,W is CH.dbd.CH;o is 1 to 4;n is 2 to 6;m is 0 to 2;T and Z, same or different, represent oxygen or a direct bond;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, represent hydrogen, or fluorine;A represents carboxyl, CO.sub.2 R.sub.4.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkylR is ##STR2## wherein Y represents carboxyl, CO.sub.2 R.sup.4, wherein R.sup.4 is lower alkylR.sup.7 and R.sup.8, same or different, represent H or lower alkyl;R.sup.9 represents --OH, --O-alkyl, NH.sub.2 or a NHCH.sub.2 CO.sub.2 H group; andR.sup.10 R3 is H.

Abstract: The new substituted alkenoic acid derivatives can be prepared by reacting the appropriate aldehyde with a phosphonium compound. The compounds have leukotriene antagonistic properties and can be incorporated into pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel that includes a valve which has a check device, with the wheel being intended for use with a pneumatic tire that even when operating as a tire which is flat or has otherwise lost pressure permits great distances to be covered at a reduced speed. To prevent misuse of the tire, in other words reinflation of a tire subsequent to flat-tire operation and before the tire has been checked for leaks, the valve is provided with a mechanism that prevents such misuse. This mechanism is pneumatically disposed in series with the check device and is installed in an open position and in such a way that it changes over into a closed position upon commencement of a flat-tire operation, with a special tool and/or special replacement parts being required in order to reestablish the open position of the mechanism.

Abstract: A two-dimensional knife edge mask comprised of an array of spaced periodic rectangular opaque regions (e.g., a chrome grating pattern layer deposited on one surface of a slide) separated by transparent different given spacing stripes between adjacent rectangular regions in each of the two orthogonal dimensions thereof, is linearly moved at a fixed velocity across an incident light spot, the direction of movement being oblique to the orthogonal dimensions of the rectangular regions and the distance of movement being sufficient to traverse at least one entire spacing strips in each of the two orthogonal dimensions. A photocell (which may be secured to the other side of the slide) senses the occulted light.

Abstract: The image transfer process in integrated circuit (IC) processes such as large scale integrated (LSI) device process manufacturing is monitored by optical measurements on a stage-by-stage basis by measuring a monitor specimen or test sample formed with a diffraction grating of a predetermined pattern having a strip width corresponding to the desired line widths of the wafers or masks being monitored. A beam of monochromatic light is scanned over the test sample to generate diffracted beams of various orders. Line width, line depth, line edge profile process errors can be determined by various combinations of the diffracted beams of the zero, first, second, etc., orders. The test sample is scanned to generate a display for data representing the diffracted beams. The parameter data can be stored for later use for quality control, process monitoring, circuit design parameters, and the like. Moreover, gross process errors are visually discernible on the monitor specimen.

Abstract: Optical monitoring of the lateral dimensions of a pattern disposed on a substrate in the form of a wafer or mask is accomplished by testing for the lateral dimensions of a diffraction grating test pattern disposed adjacent the pattern. A beam of monochromatic light such as from a laser is diffracted by the test pattern and detectors determine the intensity of the diffracted beams. The detectors are disposed in a plane orthogonal to the plane of the test pattern and to the direction of the grating lines. The detectors are selectively spaced from each other according to the periodicity d of the grating and the width of the grating lines a is determined from a relationship of the detected intensities of the beams.