Abstract: A rotary tool (21) working surface (23) includes a plurality of cutting bodies (24). The rotary tool (21) can be driven about a rotational axis (R). The actual enveloping surface (HF) of the working surface (23) is ascertained by an optical measuring arrangement (29). At least one other target variable (GS) is detected, which describes a microscopic parameter of the working surface (23). The actual variable (GI) corresponding to each specified target variable (GS) is detected by the measuring arrangement (29), and the deviation between the target variable (GS) and the actual variable (GI) is determined. If the actual enveloping surface (HF) lies outside of a specified target enveloping area (HR) or if a deviation (D) between an actual variable (GI) and the corresponding target variable (GS) is unacceptably large, selected first and/or second cutting bodies (24a, 24b) are machined and/or removed by a laser device (35).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the laser machining of an unfinished object into a cutting tool with a cutting edge and a free surface. A laser generates laser beam impulses which are directed by a redirecting arrangement onto a surface of the unfinished object. An impulse reaches an impact location on the surface of the unfinished object under an inclination angle between the laser beam direction (R) of the impulse and the surface to be formed. The redirecting arrangement is controlled so that the laser beam impulses impact at adjacent impact locations and form a pulse zone. With a positioning arrangement a relative movement between the pulse zone and the unfinished object of predetermined speed is established so that the pulse zone formed by the impact locations moves along the surface of the unfinished object and an ablation layer of a layer thickness (dS) is removed with each contour pass.

Abstract: A rotary tool (21) working surface (23) includes a plurality of cutting bodies (24). The rotary tool (21) can be driven about a rotational axis (R). The actual enveloping surface (HF) of the working surface (23) is ascertained by an optical measuring arrangement (29). At least one other target variable (GS) is detected, which describes a microscopic parameter of the working surface (23). The actual variable (GI) corresponding to each specified target variable (GS) is detected by the measuring arrangement (29), and the deviation between the target variable (GS) and the actual variable (GI) is determined. If the actual enveloping surface (HF) lies outside of a specified target enveloping area (HR) or if a deviation (D) between an actual variable (GI) and the corresponding target variable (GS) is unacceptably large, selected first and/or second cutting bodies (24a, 24b) are machined and/or removed by a laser device (35).

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an apparatus for the laser machining of an unfinished object (27). The unfinished object (27) is to be formed into a cutting tool with a cutting edge (60) and a free surface (62). A laser is provided which generates laser beam impulses (24) which are directed by a redirecting arrangement (23) onto a surface (26) of the unfinished object (27). A laser beam impulse (24) reaches at an impact location the surface (26) of the unfinished object (27) under an inclination angle between the laser beam direction (R) of the laser beam impulse (24) and the surface (62) to be formed on the unfinished object (27). The redirecting arrangement (23) is controlled in such a way that the laser beam impulses (24) impact at adjacent impact locations on form and form a pulse zone (55).

Abstract: A grinding machine for centerless grinding of workpieces is provided. The workpieces are disposed on a support in the area of a longitudinal plane of the grinding machine. A first slide is provided for a grinding wheel and positioned laterally relative to the longitudinal plane. A second slide is provided for a regulating wheel and is likewise positioned laterally with respect to the longitudinal plane. A first dressing tool is provided for dressing the grinding wheel at a first predetermined position and a second dressing tool for dressing the regulating wheel at a second predetermined position. The first and second predetermined positions are located in the area of the longitudinal plane.

Abstract: A method and a grinding machine for centerless angular plunge grinding a workpiece are disclosed. The workpiece is rotatable about a first axis and has essentially cylindrical sections of different diameter and at least one shoulder located between the sections. The grinding wheel has a conically shaped periphery and is rotated about its axis inclined relative to the workpiece axis by a predetermined angle. The grinding wheel is brought into engagement with the workpiece with at least an axial surface line of its periphery. The grinding wheel and the workpiece are fed-in relative to one another by a predetermined amount of overmeasure. The feeding-in is effected in at least two steps. In a first step the feeding-in is effected essentially in a radial direction. In a second step the feeding-in is effected essentially in an axial direction. In the first step essentially the overmeasure in the area of the cylindrical sections is removed. In the second step essentially the overmeasure of the shoulder is removed.

Abstract: A fixture for workpieces which are poorly adapted for direct clamping on a machine tool comprises a casing having an upper part and a lower part. The casing has a cavity whose shape roughly corresponds to the contour of the workpiece. The remaining interstitial space or crack between the inner casing wall and the workpiece is filled with a hardenable casting material so that the workpiece is securely held when the casting material sets around it. For clamping of the securing body onto a grinding machine, lathe, or other machine tool, the casing comprises a clampable portion with reference surfaces.

Abstract: The sharpness profile of the working surface of a grinding wheel is determined in the course of a dressing operation by controlling the velocity of movement of the point of contact between the dressing tool and the grinding wheel. The velocity of such movement can be varied by changing the velocity of movement of the grinding wheel in a direction at right angles to its axis and/or by changing the velocity of movement of the dressing tool in a direction which is parallel to the axis of the grinding wheel. The velocity of the point of contact is varied as a function of changes of the inclination of various sections of the working surface relative to the axis of the grinding wheel. This influences the depth of notches or grooves which are formed by a rounded portion of the dressing tool in the working surface of the grinding wheel. The depth of such notches determines the sharpness of the corresponding sections of the working surface.

Abstract: When a cast metallic fixture for holding workpieces in a grinding machine, it is broken up by subjecting its walls to bending and tensional stresses to destory webs which connect two walls of the fixture to each other, whereupon the walls are moved apart to afford access to the workpiece. The webs can be destroyed as a result of the application of mechanical stresses to the walls of the fixture by a breaking device which is inserted into a compartment of the fixture and is movable relative thereto in order to destroy the integrity of a connector between the walls.

Abstract: A method of grinding an arcuate (concave or convex) surface of a workpiece in a grinding machine involves rotation of the workpiece about an axis which may but need not intersect the workpiece and which need not include the center of curvature of the arcuate surface. The locus of material-removing contact between the working surface of the griding wheel and the arcuate surface of the workpiece is maintained on a straight line which connects the center of the grinding wheel with the center of curvature of the arcuate surface. The grinding wheel and the workpiece further perform translatory movements in directions at right angles to each other. If the arcuate surface is inclined with reference to such directions, the workpiece or the grinding wheel is moved in a third direction transversely of the directions of translatory movement of the workpiece and the grinding wheel.

Abstract: A mounting for a grinding wheel serves to connect the grinding wheel to the tool spindle of a grinding machine has a holding member for the grinding wheel and a threaded fastener which separably secures the holding member to the spindle. The fastener is surrounded by an annular retaining portion of a tensioning device which has elastic prongs at one side and a compression spring at the other side of the retaining portion. The prongs are clamped between the holding member and the head of the fastener in response to rotation of the fastener in a direction to couple the holding member to the spindle, and the compression spring then reacts against the spindle so that the tensioning device maintains the fastener in form- and force-locking engagement with the holding device.

Abstract: A cast metallic fixture for workpieces including twin turbine blades has two spaced-apart walls which surround portions of the exterior of a workpiece and several webs which connect the walls to each other. The fixture is made in a casting mold which has one or more inserts extending into the interior of a workpiece which is placed into the cavity of the mold preparatory to pouring of a molten alloy which is then caused to harden and to thus form the fixture. When the fixture has served its purpose of holding the workpiece in a grinding machine, it is broken up by subjecting its walls to bending and tensional stresses to destroy the webs, whereupon the walls are moved apart to afford access to the workpiece. The webs can be destroyed by melting simultaneously with or in lieu of the application of mechanical stresses to the walls of the fixture.

Abstract: A numerically controlled profile grinding machine has a bed for a first carriage which supports an upright column and is reciprocable along a first horizontal path. The column supports a second carriage which is reciprocable thereon along a vertical second path and supports a turntable which is indexible about a horizontal axis. The turntable supports one or more work clamping devices which are indexible about second axes extending at right angles to and intersecting the first axis. The base further supports a carriage for one or more tool supporting units each of which is movable along a second horizontal path at right angles to the first path and has a turntable indexible about a vertical axis and supporting one or more spindles for grinding wheels as well as a dressing apparatus for grinding wheels. Alternatively, each tool supporting unit can be mounted on a discrete carriage.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of examining roughness of a surface of a workpiece, comprising: scanning said surface by means of a resiliently mounted support element during linear relative movement between a sensing element and said surface whereby self-oscillations are generated at the sensing element or at parts in connection therewith by unevennesses of said surface; receiving said self-oscillations; and determining a value which corresponds at least approximately to the magnitude of the amplitudes of the oscillations, said value being a criterion of roughness of said surface. The invention also provides apparatus for examining roughness of a surface of a workpiece, comprising: a holder; a sensing element; a support for the sensing element; the sensing element being movably supported against a yielding resistance by the holder; and a receiver system for oscillations and adapted to deliver electrical signals at its output, the sensing element or the support therefor being connected with the receiver.