Abstract: The invention is directed to a matrix structure for inducing a neofascia with at least one two-dimensional matrix of at least one biocompatible and resorbable polymer, wherein the surface of the matrix is designed to immobilize tissue cells, in particular autologous fibrocytes of the fascia transversalis, and to reduce a preferably three-dimensional tissue growth in vitro or in vivo. The invention is also directed to a hybrid matrix system, which includes the matrix structure and tissue cells immobilized thereon. The novel matrix as well as the fascia hybrid are characterized by a high biocompatibility and overcome the disadvantages of non-degradable implants, thereby promoting formation of a neofascia with native biomechanical properties.

Abstract: An interchangeable wearable refractory part for a discharge opening of a metallurgical vessel is provided with at least one ceramic filter for filtering a molten metal stream. The refractory part, such as a sliding valve plate, casting pipe, discharge sleeve or nozzle, or stationary base plate, may have the ceramic filter mounted in a passage opening thereof. The refractory parts are wearable, and thus are from time to time, replaced. The service life of the ceramic filters are chosen to correspond with the life span of the refractory part. The ceramic filter can either be a single filter in the passage opening, or a multi-stage filter including a coarse filter for larger impurities, a fine filter for smaller impurities as well as an absorption or reaction filter for dissolved impurities.

Abstract: A refractory immersion tube has an inner passage through which passes molten metal from a metallurgical vessel into a mold and includes an inlet opening for receiving the molten metal and at least one outlet opening extending from the passage for discharging the molten metal into the mold. A refractory annular member is positioned within the passage to restrict the cross-sectional area thereof, thereby to prevent the flow of the molten metal from the outlet opening from being turbulent and for ensuring that such flow is laminar.