Abstract: Waste materials, potentially following their comminution and potentially following their dying or, respectively, preheating, are burned in a cyclone kiln (buring cyclone or, melting cyclone) at extremely high temperatures above 1500.degree. C. with formation of a molten slag low in noxious substances and a hot exhaust gas in which latter the valuable substances and/or noxious substances contained in the waste materials volatilize, whereby dusts enriched with valuable substances on the one hand and, on the other hand, dusts enriched with noxious substances are respectively separately separated out of the exhaust gas by partial condensation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning hot gases produced during a coal gasification process in a reactor, wherein the hot gases leaving the reactor are cooled in a plurality of cooling stages to a relatively low temperature. In accordance with this invention, a particulated solid is added to the hot gases and circulated through at least one of the cooling stages. The particulated solid may be a material which decomposes in the hot gases to liberate carbon dioxide or it may be inert.The apparatus of the invention makes use of a heat exchanger which functions as a radiant cooler and also as a mixer for the gases and solids, the heat exchanger being connected directly to the gasification reactor at the exhaust gas side thereof. The heat exchanger is followed by at least one downstream, multi-stage cyclone fluidized bed heat exchanger which also is provided with an indirect heat exchange capability.

Abstract: A filter structure including a circular housing and annularly disposed individual filter chambers each containing a layer of bulk filter material with a centrally located waste channel having openings leading from each of the chambers above the surface of the filter material, an outer jet for each chamber for directing a cleaning agent along the top of the filter material, a separate supply for fresh filter material at the top of each chamber, clean gas discharge conduits located below the individual filter chambers and a cleaning gas jet connected to each of the clean gas discharge conduits leading downwardly from each of the chambers.

Abstract: A method for the production of reaction gases consisting essentially of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in which reactants including a carbonaceous source, slag formers and an oxygen-containing gas are directed in the form of jets through nozzles under the surface of a molten metal bath in a reactor to produce said reaction gases. These reaction gases are then passed to a metallurgical reduction reactor wherein exhaust gases are produced containing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapor and hydrogen. In accordance with the present invention, at least a portion of the exhaust gases from the metallurgical reduction reactor are recycled into heat exchange relationship with nozzles in the reactor to cool the same. The invention also contemplates recycling additional portions of the exhaust gases to combine them with the oxygen-containing gas entering the reactor, and to serve as a suspending medium for the carbonaceous source or the slag formers.

Abstract: A device for the gasification of carbon containing material to obtain the continuous production of gas, essentially a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, by using the molten metal bath process is provided. The carbon material, oxidizing agents, and slag-forming additives as needed are introduced into a reactor below the surface of a molten metal bath. The reactor is provided with outlets for the slag, gases, and molten metal. The reactor is also provided with the ability to tilt, swivel, or rotate about a horizontal axis. This rotational movement causes the molten metal bath to alter its location within the reactor, allowing for replacement of the input apparatus of the raw materials, which are normally below the surface, without the necessity of draining the molten metal bath from the reactor.

Abstract: In a device for the gasification of carbon and/or carbon-containing media, in particular for the continuous production of a gas essentially containing CO and H.sub.2 with a molten bath of iron or an iron alloy, a reactor receives the carbon-containing media and oxidizing gasification media under the surface of the molten bath, and outlets are provided for gas and for removing at least one liquid phase, in particular slag. The reactor is stationary and is tightly sealed to a gas outlet and to a liquid outlet. In a wall region of the reactor and close to the floor thereof a plurality of nozzles are provided for feeding the gasification media. The nozzles are distributed almost symmetrically with respect to a vertical plane which extends axially with respect to the liquid outlet and to the reactor floor about the circumference of the wall region.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying wet granular and/or lumpy materials, employs a chamber having a material inlet, a material discharge outlet, an inlet for a heated drying fluid and a vapor outlet. A perforate sieve-type material support extends along a path between the material inlet and the material discharge outlet to provide communication between the drying fluid and vapor outlet through the material and a microwave generating and transmitting device is located above the material path to irradiate the material with microwave energy as a part of the drying energy supplied to the material.