Abstract: An actively cooled device, such as a heat shield for a fusion reactor, includes elements (10) of a heat-resistant material, particularly graphite, each being provided with at least one recess having a circular cross section, particularly a groove (14), into which a cooling pipe (16) conducting a coolant is brazed directly and with surface contact. This produces an effective dissipation of heat from the elements and a more durable connection of the elements with the cooling pipe or pipes.

Abstract: A heat shield for high thermal loading and particularly pulse heat loading n fusion reactors e.g. as first wall, plasma physics installations, particle accelerators, etc. contains a cooled support plate carrying a large number of shielding or limiter members on its side facing a heat source, e.g. a hot plasma. The shielding or limiter members are detachably connected to the support plate by a good thermally conducting seat, e.g. a bevel, ball or flat seat. By suitably shaping and arranging the limiter members, it is possible to substantially cover the surfaces of practically any desired shape such as, e.g., the inner wall of a toroidal vacuum vessel. As a result of their limited size, the limiter members can be adapted in a optimum manner to locally differing requirements. The size and shape of the support member can be adapted to widely differing boundary conditions.