Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for producing chiral or enantiomer-enriched beta amino acids, -aldehydes, -ketones and gamma-amino alcohols, during which an allyl amine of formula (I), in which: R1 represents an alkyl radical, a cycloalkyl radical, an alkyl radical, a heterocycle radical or a condensed or bridged ring system; R2, R3, R4 and R5, independent of one another, can represent H or an alkyl radical, a cyclo alkyl radical, an aryl radical, a heterocycle radical or a condensed or bridged ring system or radicals R1, R2, R3 and R4, together, form ring systems that can optionally contain one or more heteroatoms, whereby radicals R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 can be substituted once or a number of times, and; R6 represents H or an N-protective group, is transformed; a) by ozonolysis in a solvent and; b) subsequent decomposition of the peroxide-containing solution by means of an oxidizing agent or reductive reprocessing, into the corresponding amino compound of formula (II), in which R1, R2, R3, R4 and

Abstract: Process for generating 1O2 in which a ferrocene of the formula

Abstract: Process for generating 1O2 in which an Sn(II) salt of the formula

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for emission spectrum analysis with an analysis plasma containing the analysis sample and a spectrometer suitable for emission measurements, in which there is a plasma manipulator (4) with a cooled diaphragm (8) concentric with the axis (7) and perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the plasma with a free diameter smaller than that of the plasma which allows only the central part (6) or only the optical part of the analysis plasma to pass and masks off the remaining region, and an observation device (3) for the radiation emission of the volume of plasma allowed through.

Abstract: Amine-oxides of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are alkyl groups with 1 to 4 C-atoms, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group with 1 to 4 C-atoms and m and n are whole numbers which fulfil the conditions 1.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.8 and 0.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.4 respectively, with the proviso that n is not 0 if R.sub.3 is a hydroxyl group or an alkoxy group, can be used with advantage for the preparation of mouldable or spinnable cellulose solutions which have a reduced tendency to crystallise.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of isocyanic acid, characterized in that N,N-disubstituted ureas are decomposed at elevated temperature to a secondary amine of lower volatility and to isocyanic acid, which is drawn off at the top.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of very pure ureas of the formula phenyl--(NH--CO--NR.sub.1 R.sub.2).sub.n in which phenyl represents an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl or phenylene group and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are either identical and each represent an alkyl group, or are different, in which case R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom and R.sub.2 represents an alkyl or phenyl group, or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, together with the nitrogen atom, represent an aliphatic heterocyclic ring and n is the number 1 or 2, by reacting a phenylurea of the formula phenyl--(NH--CO--NH.sub.2).sub.n with an amine of the formula NR.sub.1 R.sub.2 H at temperatures from 100 to 200.degree. C. in a diluent which is inert under the reaction conditions, the reaction being interrupted before by-products are formed, and the urea which is formed being removed from the starting compounds, and the unreacted starting compounds being returned to the process if appropriate.

Abstract: A UV spectrometer for measurement of spectral intensities over a wavelength range below 190 nm is provided and includes a gas-tight spectrometer vessel, an optical window within the vessel and a UV transparent filling gas inside the vessel. The spectrometer is fitted with a sorption mechanism for binding residual gases that absorbs measuring radiation thereby maintaining the UV transparency of the gas.

Abstract: The analytical system for measuring the concentrations of elemental or molecular constituents of an existing solid, liquid or aerosol sample, the sample being dried by an electrothermal atomizer, reduced to ashes, if necessary, vaporized, the sample vapor ionized, the resulting ions supplied during a short time in comparison with the storage time to a preferably simultaneously operating mass spectrometer, and the frequency of the respective ion masses being measured.

Abstract: Process for the N-alkylation of ureas by reacting a urea with an alkylating agent in the presence of a solid base and a phase transfer catalyst in a diluent.

Abstract: Process for the N-alkylation of ureas by reacting a urea with an alkylating agent in the presence of a solid base and a phase transfer catalyst in a diluent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for electrothermal atomization of a sample material, particularly for use in atomic absorption or atomic fluorescence spectroscopy in which an atomizing apparatus including a graphite tube sealed towards ambience is connected to a pressure gas source. The gas inlets provided in said atomizing apparatus serve to produce a symmetrical configuration of an atomized sample material cloud, the atomization of the sample material is acheived by a respective temperature increase which is combined with a pressure gas increase at least during a period of temperature increase. The relation between the starting pressure of the gas and the final pressure of the gas is substantially equal to the relation between the starting temperature and the final temperature. The device used for carrying out the method of the invention includes a control system for control of the temperature and the pressure in said atomization apparatus.

Abstract: In a device for the emission spectral analysis of samples, including an evaporating tube for receiving and thermally evaporating a sample, and a hollow cathode and anode for athermally exciting the evaporated sample, the evaporation tube forms said cathode. The anode and cathode are mounted adjacent one another in spaced apart relationship along the axis of the tube.