Abstract: A method for focusing on disk-shaped objects with patterned and unpatterned surfaces includes imaging of the patterned and unpatterned surfaces on a disk-shaped object for defect detection and defect classification by using various preset values of a focus regulation system to acquire the image sequence. At least one preset value is learned on the basis of an image sequence at least at one position in a substantially flat reference region of the surface of the disk-shaped object. A regulated adjustment is provided of a measurable distance from a carrier plane to a reference plane, wherein the carrier plane serves as a support for the disk-shaped objects. The distance is adjusted by applying the at least one preset value, which is overlaid on the regulation system, a focus state is evaluated by an image processor according to at least one rule, and the at least one preset value is ascertained therefrom.

Abstract: The object of a method for detecting defects in the inspection of structured surfaces is to ensure a detection of defects which is not dependent on the number of structuring planes and includes structure features in real-time operation for separating defects from good structures. From image point classification in which zones of a recorded image which have similar image point features are assembled, a gray-value intermediate image containing edge structures and corner structures is generated from the image and the behavior of the image point features of every image point in the intermediate image is analyzed with respect to its neighboring image points. The method is used predominantly in statistical process control in the production process of masks, LCD's, printed circuit boards and semiconductor wafers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process and apparatus for reducing pollutant gas emissions in the combustion of fuel, which utilize oxygen or oxygen-enriched air while avoiding the resulting disadvantages of high flame temperature and low gas momentum resulting in high NO.sub.x emissions. The invention provides a process of burning fuel, which simultaneously injects two jets of heated oxidant gas such as recirculated furnace gases and mixing such recirculated furnace gases with the oxidant into the furnace.

Abstract: Upper and lower core structures of core internals carry a plurality of centering pins which have free ends protruding into recesses in a fuel assembly endpiece. In the case of the upper core structure in particular, the nuts for fixing the centering pins are difficult to access in the event of a subsequent exchange of pins. Therefore, core internals which do not require a nut for securing on the centering pins are preferred. For this purpose, a centering pin is provided with a center bore passing through it. The ends of the center bores facing away from the fuel assemblies are in the form of conically tapering stepped bores. Each stepped bore has a plug which is displaceable in axial direction relative to the centering pin. The peripheral surface of the plug is conically formed in the same direction and with the same pitch as the stepped bore. The centering pin enters into a play-free fitting connection with a bore in a grid plate.

Abstract: An edge protector angle piece for a load to be lifted by a lifting device includes first and second angle arms having inner faces for contacting the load and outer faces together forming a continuous cylinder surface of essentially ring-segment shape, having a continuous guide groove therein for accommodating the lifting device. A vertex region is provided between the angle arms. A guide tube is provided on the outer faces at the vertex region in alignment with the guide groove for further accommodating the lifting device.

Abstract: A round load lifting sling composed of an endless skein of threads as a load bearing core and a textile protective tube surrounding the endless skein, the endless skein carrying along a testing conductor which is connected with two connecting contacts which penetrate the wall of the protective tube for connection to a source of testing medium to flow through the testing conductor. Damage or severance of the threads of the skein is detectable by an interruption in flow of the medium due to accompanying damage or severance of the conductor.