Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of producing coarse-crystalline nicotinic acid with a high degree of purity in which 3-cyanopyridine is saponified with aqueous alkali hydroxide and the nicotinic acid is allowed to crystallize out of the alkali nicotinate solution obtained in this manner under the addition of mineral acid at temperatures between 99.degree. and 135.degree. C. The pH is kept above 3.7.

Abstract: The method for monitoring the end positions of a controlling element having a servomotor (1) comprises the recognition of the end position, for instance by interruption of the flow of current to the servomotor by limit switches (4, 5), and the subsequent action of a control pulse of opposite direction on the servomotor in order to brake the servomotor.

Abstract: Conductive structures in polymers are obtained by a method in which poly(organylheteroacetylenes) of formula I ##STR1## or a mixture of poly(organylheteroacetylenes) of formula I and other polymers are exposed to radiation of high energy density, preferably laser radiation. At relatively low temperatures of 100.degree. C. to 600.degree. C., the polymer structure is effected so that electrically conductive structures result. The products are employed in electrical engineering, electronics and microelectronics, preferably as printed conductors. The invention makes it possible to inscribe long-term stable, conductive structures in an insulating polymer matrix in a one-step method, it being possible to use modern computer techniques (computer graphics)and to produce computer-aided conductor structures directly. The polymers can be used without supports or applied on rigid or flexible materials.

Abstract: In the method for adjusting a controlling element, a marking point which can be recognized by the controller unit which controls the controlling element and is at a given distance from the adjustment point is selected in the vicinity of the desired adjustment point, said distance corresponding to a given number of control pulses which are necessary in order to adjust the controlling element with close tolerances to the desired adjustment point. When a switch is used as the marking point, the distance should be so great that after movement beyond this marking point the switch passes into a precisely defined switch condition.

Abstract: In an apparatus operable with an injection pump of a diesel motor whereby the injection pump has an output setting element and a shut-off element, the output setting element is controllable by a digital control device. Also, the shut-off element is pulsatingly controllable by the digital control device such that a predetermined rotational speed of the diesel motor is achieved.

Abstract: A test strip has a reagent-containing film layer coatingly embedded at least preponderantly on and into only one side of a carrier layer made of a multifilar fabric or fleece.

Abstract: In a method for the testing of an electronic device, particularly for automotive vehicles, having a microcomputer (2), an interface as well as device inputs and outputs (connector 6), the following separate test steps are provided: In one test step at least one predetermined combination of input signals is fed into the device inputs (connector 6), and the test output signals which occur in this connection at the inputs of hardware units (4, 8, 9) of the device (1) are picked up via the interface and compared externally with the combination of the input signals. In further test steps, test control signals are fed into a single hardware unit, and the test output signals produced thereby at the output of said hardware unit are picked up via the interface for an external normal/actual comparison.

Abstract: A method of making a temperature dependent resistor probe for measuring temperature or mass of a flowing medium includes (a) preparation of a support plate of a metallic material; (b) applying a support foil of a temperature resistant plastic material on one side of the support plate; (c) applying a layer of temperature dependent resistive material on the support foil and finishing the resistive layer into a measuring resistor layer; and thereafter, an opening is formed in the support plate in the area below the measuring resistor layer.

Abstract: A test strip has a reagent-containing film layer coating embedded at least preponderantly on and into only one side of a carrier layer made of a multifilar fabric or fleece.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a self-supporting measuring probe suitable for application in a highly corrosive environment such as for example in a muffler or suction channel of a motor vehicle, is disclosed. The probe is provided with a protective foil which is applicable on a rigid substrate carrying the measuring layers, by means of a heat sealing process in which heat and pressure are simultaneously applied on the foil. In a preferred embodiment, the edges of the foil are fused to the substrate by a laser beam.

Abstract: For the catalytic reaction of 2-methylpyrazine with ammonia and oxygen to form 2-cyanopyrazine there are used compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, and oxygen and at least one of the elements iron, copper, titanium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, whereby the atomic ratio of antimony to vanadium is greater than 1 and which contain besides these compounds a lattice layer silicate and a highly dispersed silica. These catalysts are very selective and result in high yields and high space-time-yields.

Abstract: To form a temperature sensor, for example suitable in an automotive vehicle, to determine ambient temperatures, or to provide a temperature compensated thin-film circuit, for example for incorporation with an oscillator circuit, two stable thin-film layers are applied to a non-conductive substrate, the layers being capable of being etched.

Abstract: Crude nicotinamide is purified by a recrystallization and in this way freed especially from nicotinic acid and salts of nicotinic acid. As solvent there is used a 2-methylpropanol-1 containing water. The recrystallization takes place at a pH between about 7 and 10.

Abstract: Crude nicotinamide is purified by a recrystallization and thereby is particularly freed from nicotinic acid and salts of nicotinic acid. As solvent there is used 2-methylpropanol-1 containing water. The warm solution after dissolving the crude nicotinamide is treated with ion exchangers.

Abstract: For the catalytic reaction of 3-methylpyridine with ammonia and oxygen to form 3-cyanopyridine there are used compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, and oxygen and at least one of the elements iron, copper, titanium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, whereby the atomic ratio of antimony to vanadium is greater than 1 and which contain besides these compounds a lattice layer silicate and a highly dispersed silica. These catalysts are very selective and result in high yields and high space-time-yields.

Abstract: For the catalytic reaction of 2-methylpyrazine with ammonia and oxygen to form 2-cyanopyrazine there are used compounds of the elements antimony, vanadium, and oxygen and at least one of the elements iron, copper, titanium, cobalt, manganese, and nickel, whereby the atomic ratio of antimony to vanadium is greater than 1 and which contain besides these compounds a lattice layer silicate and a highly dispersed silica. These catalysts are very selective and result in high yields and high space-time-yields.

Abstract: A carrier strip of polyimide resin sheet material carries on one face an etched pattern of metallization comprising temperature-independent resistors formed of an underlying metallization layer of tantalum base, temperature-dependent resistors in which the effect of the upper layer of metallization, of a nickel base, is predominant, and conductive paths provided by broader strips of the nickel base material. A cover layer of the same heat-resistant resin sheet material is sealed and bonded to the carrier strip wherever a metallization layer does not intervene, taking care to leave open certain contact areas for the attachment of connecting leads. A holder structure holds the strips at each end and provides clear space for attaching connecting leads as well. The holder structure is designed to allow the flow of medium to pass in good thermo contact with the portion of the device enclosing the resistance elements.

Abstract: 2,3-Cycloalkenopyridines of the formula ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a cycloalkanone or cycloalkenone of the formula ##STR2## with an oxo compound of the formula ##STR3## where Z is an aliphatic carbon chain which is unsubstituted or has hydrocarbon substituents and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen or lower alkyl groups and ammonia in the presence of a dehydrating and dehydrogenating catalyst at a temperature of about 250.degree. to 550.degree. C.

Abstract: Nicotinamide is prepared from nicotinonitrile by hydrolysis at 120.degree. to 200.degree. C. employing alkali hydroxide.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a self-supporting measuring probe suitable for application in a highly corrosive environment such as for example in a muffler or suction channel of a motor vehicle, is disclosed. The probe is provided with a protective foil which is applicable on a rigid substrate carrying the measuring layers, by means of a heat sealing process in which heat and pressure are simultaneously applied on the foil. In a preferred embodiment, the edges of the foil are fused to the substrate by a laser beam.