Abstract: A high-pressure hot separator for the separation of an overhead product from a process of high-pressure hydrogenation of coals, tars, crude oils, whose distillation and extraction products or similar carbon-containing feedstock such as heavy oils, low-temperature carbonization oils, extracts of heavy oil sands and the like, is downstream from the bottom phase reactors of the high-pressure hydrogenation. The separator is constructed from a vertically erected cylindrical pressure jacket having an upper cover, a lower cover, an inside adjacent thermal insulation member and a cylindrical wall insert. The overhead product is separated into a gas/vapor phase and a bottom product. A cyclone separator is installed in the gas/vapor space of the hot separator for improvement of the separation function.

Abstract: A device for mixing gas and/or vapor streams including liquid components dispersed therein in which the incoming product streams which have been crudely mixed with quench gas, are fed as a single total stream through a collecting plate which covers the reactor cross section, with the streams being collected on the concave side of the plate and passing through it. The streams pass through a mixing pipe which adjoins the outlet of the collecting plate, and the streams further pass through an outer pipe which is configured so as to bring about a reversal of the flow direction. The streams then pass into the space above a distributor device, and are uniformly distributed over the reactor cross section, along with liquid components collected on the distributor, onto a catalyst bed disposed below the distributor.

Abstract: A process for the production of reformer feed and heating or diesel oil from coal which comprises introducing a pulverized coal-oil slurry together with a hydrogenation gas into a liquid-phase hydrogenation stage; remoping solids-containing residue from the discharge from the liquid phase hydrogenation stage, cooling the resulting residue-free volatile coal-oil fraction from the discharge and, if necessary, removing a slurry oil fraction therefrom before feeding the volatile coal-oil fraction to a gas-phase hydrogenation stage; introducing fresh hydrogen which is substantially free of contaminants into the gas-phase hydrogenation stage together with the volatile coal-oil fraction, the fresh hydrogen introduced into the gas-phase hydrogenation stage constituting the entire amount of hydrogen required for the process; and utilizing the waste-gas from the gas-phase hydrogenation as the hydrogenation gas for the liquid-phase hydrogenation.

Abstract: The condensible parts are removed from the distillation gas of oil shale, a portion of the remaining amount of gas is removed and the rest is heated, e.g., by the combustion gas of the distillation residue and used without the addition of any more materials to distill oil shale. The installation for this consists of a distillation cyclone reactor, whose gas outlets are connected to an oil separator and whose tangential feed nozzles are connected by way of a blower and a heat exchanger to the oil separator.

Abstract: Dust is removed from distillation gases, particularly from gases from the distillation of oil shale, by electrostatic precipitation at temperatures above the dew point of the oil components, preferably between 470.degree. and 550.degree. C.