Abstract: A gas sensor, whose purpose is to determine a physical property of a measuring gas, e.g., to determine the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of an exhaust gas. The gas sensor includes a sensor element arranged in a metal housing which is sealed by at least one sealing element arranged in a metal receptacle. The metal receptacle is affixed to the housing. The sealing element surrounds the sensor element in a centered position along its longitudinal extension L or on its half facing the measuring gas.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a starting element, in particular a sheathed-element glow plug, for the combustion process in an internal combustion engine having a ceramic element (1, 3) is proposed, which substantially improves the glazing of the ceramic element (1, 3). According to the present invention, this is achieved by a dry glaze (2) being applied on the ceramic element (1, 3).

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract: A gas sensor, whose purpose is to determine a physical property of a measuring gas, e.g., to determine the concentration of a gas component or the temperature of an exhaust gas. The gas sensor includes a sensor element arranged in a metal housing which is sealed by at least one sealing element arranged in a metal receptacle. The metal receptacle is affixed to the housing. The sealing element surrounds the sensor element in a centered position along its longitudinal extension L or on its half facing the measuring gas.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract: A method for generating a stereoscopic image of an object includes providing a microscope arrangement defining an imaging beam path coming from the object. The microscope arrangement includes an objective mounted in the beam path to define an intermediate image plane. A reflective element is placed in or close to the intermediate image plane or in or close to a plane conjugated to the intermediate image plane. The reflective element is driven at a clock frequency so as to reflect respective images of the object alternately toward the left and right eyes of an observer.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating a stereoscopic image of an object for viewing by an observer includes an imaging optic for imaging the object and defining an imaging beam path as well as an entry pupil and an exit pupil. Illuminating optics illuminate the object by providing an imaging beam coming from the object and passing through the imaging optic and along the imaging beam path. The imaging beam is sectioned in the imaging beam path into two component beams at one of the following locations: in the exit pupil, near the exit pupil or at a position along the imaging beam path which is optically conjugated to the exit pupil, thereby forming stereoscopic sectioned images. The stereoscopic section images are allocated in a clocked manner to the left and the right eyes of the observer. The invention is also directed to a method of generating a stereoscopic image of the object.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., for determining the concentration of a gas component in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or the temperature of the exhaust gas. The sensor element is fixed in position by the sealing system in a housing of the gas sensor. The sealing system includes at least one sealing element, which includes a mixture of a ceramic material and a glass. The hemisphere temperature of the glass is above 750° Celsius.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a starting element, in particular a sheathed-element glow plug, for the combustion process in an internal combustion engine having a ceramic element (1, 3) is proposed, which substantially improves the glazing of the ceramic element (1, 3). According to the present invention, this is achieved by a dry glaze (2) being applied on the ceramic element (1, 3).

Abstract: A spark plug includes a ceramic component, whose surface is at least in part coated with a glaze, with the glaze containing 0.6% to 4% by weight of fluoride and 6% to 11.2% by weight of zinc oxide.

Abstract: A glass ceramic, for use as a resistor or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder for use in a spark plug, includes a fused seal of a starting glass fused from a starting mixture containing SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CaO, the fused seal including crystalline phases in at least some areas. A method for producing such a glass ceramic provides for the starting glass to be processed in a first method step to form a starting material, which is heated for a first period of time in a second method step from a starting temperature, which is below the softening temperature of the starting glass, to a fusion temperature, which is above the softening temperature of the starting glass, and is kept at that temperature for a second period of time and finally is cooled again. A spark plug may include a terminal stud and a center electrode, which are electrically connected across a resistor that is formed in at least some areas by the glass ceramic.

Abstract: A glass or glass powder is fused from a starting mixture containing approximately 38 wt % to 48 wt % SO2, 15 wt % to 19 wt % Al2O3, 4.5 wt % to 11 wt % TiO2, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % Na2O, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % K2O and 23 wt % to 30 wt % CaO. In addition, a glass powder mixture includes two glass powders, a carbon black powder and an organic binder, the first glass powder having a mean particle size of approximately 150 &mgr;m to 250 &mgr;m, the second glass powder having a mean particle size of less than approximately 100 &mgr;m, which may be 10 &mgr;m to 70 &mgr;m. The glass or glass powder mixture is suitable for producing a glass ceramic, such as that used as a resistor seal and/or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder in a spark plug.

Abstract: A sensor element, especially a temperature sensor (5) is proposed, having a sensitive area (11), whose electrical resistance changes under the influence of a temperature to which the sensitive area (11) is exposed. In this case, sensitive area (11) has a glass ceramic fusion (15) of a starting material containing at least one component which is furnished at least substantially with a surface metallization. The proposed temperature sensor (5) is especially suitable for use at temperatures in excess of 1000° C., at which it shows resistance characteristics like that of a platinum resistor.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a sensor element for determining at least one physical quantity of a gas, e.g., for determining the concentration of a gas component in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine or the temperature of the exhaust gas. The sensor element is fixed in position by the sealing system in a housing of the gas sensor. The sealing system includes at least one sealing element, which includes a mixture of a ceramic material and a glass. The hemisphere temperature of the glass is above 750° Celsius.

Abstract: A sensor element, especially a temperature sensor (5) is proposed, having a sensitive area (11), whose electrical resistance changes under the influence of a temperature to which the sensitive area (11) is exposed. In this case, sensitive area (11) has a glass ceramic fusion (15) of a starting material containing at least one component which is furnished at least substantially with a surface metallization. The proposed temperature sensor (5) is especially suitable for use at temperatures in excess of 1000° C., at which it shows resistance characteristics like that of a platinum resistor.

Abstract: A glass, in particular a glass powder, is fused from a starting mixture containing 38 wt % to 48 wt % SiO2, 15 wt % to 19 wt % Al2O3, 4.5 wt % to 11 wt % TiO2, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % Na2O, 0 wt % to 1.5 wt % K2O and 23 wt % to 30 wt % CaO. In addition, a glass powder mixture contains a first such glass powder having a mean particle size of 150 &mgr;m to 250 &mgr;m and a second such glass powder having a mean particle size of less than 100 &mgr;m, in particular from 10 &mgr;m to 70 &mgr;m, as well as carbon black powder and an organic binder. This glass or glass powder mixture is especially suitable for producing a glass ceramic, in particular in the form of a resistor seal and/or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder in a spark plug.

Abstract: An arrangement for generating a stereoscopic image of an object for viewing by an observer includes an imaging optic for imaging the object and defining an imaging beam path as well as an entry pupil and an exit pupil. Illuminating optics illuminate the object by providing an imaging beam coming from the object and passing through the imaging optic and along the imaging beam path. The imaging beam is sectioned in the imaging beam path into two component beams at one of the following locations: in the exit pupil, near the exit pupil or at a position along the imaging beam path which is optically conjugated to the exit pupil, thereby forming stereoscopic sectioned images. The stereoscopic section images are allocated in a clocked manner to the left and the right eyes of the observer. The invention is also directed to a method of generating a stereoscopic image of the object.

Abstract: A glass ceramic which is especially suitable as a resistor (5) or a gas-tight glass ceramic solder (9) in a spark plug (1) is described. The glass ceramic here is a fused seal of a starting glass which is fused from a starting mixture containing SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2 and CaO. The fused seal also has crystalline phases in at least some areas. In addition, a method is described for producing such a glass ceramic, the starting glass being processed in a first method step to form a starting material. This starting material is then heated for a first period of time in a second method step from a starting temperature, which is below the softening temperature (Tg) of the starting glass, to a fusion temperature, which is above the softening temperature (Tg) of the starting glass, and is kept at that temperature for a second period of time and finally is cooled again.

Abstract: A sensor for determining an oxygen content in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine includes a receptacle, arranged in a longitudinal bore of a metal housing, for a sensing element. The sensing element is received in the receptacle in a gas-tight fashion via a sensing element seal, which includes a glass seal. The receptacle has a measured-gas-side ceramic shaped element and a connector-side ceramic shaped element, which are arranged axially one behind the other. A cavity into which the glass seal is pressed while hot is configured between the two ceramic shaped elements.