Abstract: A parison head for discharging a parison for producing capillaries, tubes or pipes, includes a sleeve-shaped housing into which the melt is fed, and which surrounds a core on all sides with a spacing, the core being firmly clamped in the housing, and also a likewise sleeve-shaped die, which likewise surrounds the core on all sides with a spacing, wherein the housing and the die surround the core in such a way that there is a closed flow channel between the housing and the core and between the die and the core, and at the end of the flow channel a peripheral closed outlet gap is formed by the die and the core, wherein there is between the housing and the die a low-cost, quickly exchangeable, trifunctional component, which securely seals off the flow channel between the housing and the die, and with which the angle between the housing and the die and also the length of the head can be changed, while retaining the flow resistance in the region of the trifunctional component and while retaining a flow channel tha

Abstract: For the combinatorial synthesis of molecule libraries, substances are embedded in a matrix consisting of a first solvent thereby forming transport units in a solid state of aggregation at a temperature of less than 90° C. and wherein after application to a support, the physical environment of the transport units is modified by the application of a physical process such as a laser printer whereby the substances in the transport units are linked to the support.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion head and a method with which the thickness distribution of hollow bodies, for example, can be further improved. The extrusion head consists of at least one mandrel (1) and one nozzle (2), which have a rigid geometry and therefore cannot be varied or can also be deformed flexibly in some areas and form a flow channel (3), wherein the positions of the mandrel (1) and the nozzle (2) can be varied relative to one another, so that the geometry of a discharge gap (s) of the flow channel (3) can be varied while a melt is being discharged, wherein each head part has at least one head section with a uniform cross-sectional area in a discharge area (A) of the extrusion head, and wherein at least one head part has at least two head sections (B) and (C), each of which has a predominantly uniform cross-sectional area within the head section (B), (C), which are spaced axially apart from one another and which have mutually different cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: A parison head for discharging a parison for producing capillaries, tubes or pipes, includes a sleeve-shaped housing into which the melt is fed, and which surrounds a core on all sides with a spacing, the core being firmly clamped in the housing, and also a likewise sleeve-shaped die, which likewise surrounds the core on all sides with a spacing, wherein the housing and the die surround the core in such a way that there is a closed flow channel between the housing and the core and between the die and the core, and at the end of the flow channel a peripheral closed outlet gap is formed by the die and the core, wherein there is between the housing and the die a low-cost, quickly exchangeable, trifunctional component, which securely seals off the flow channel between the housing and the die, and with which the angle between the housing and the die and also the length of the head can be changed, while retaining the flow resistance in the region of the trifunctional component and while retaining a flow channel tha

Abstract: The present invention relates to a calibration device for use in a process of making a tubular article comprising a housing and a calibration sleeve providing a vertical pass-way for an extruded tubular extrudate, the housing comprising a bore, an upper opening with an upper seal and a lower opening with a lower seal; a vacuum channel connecting the bore to a vacuum source; a liquid channel for receiving a flow of liquid and connecting to a reservoir on top of the housing; and an adjustment device for controlling the liquid level in the reservoir; and the calibration sleeve comprising a body with multiple apertures and an inlet flange; the calibration sleeve removably positioned in the bore and contacting the housing via the upper and lower seals. This calibration device enables making a tubular article in a very flexible way, specifically on small scale in the laboratory; and can be operated in free or contact calibration mode, both with either dry or wet operation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an extrusion head and a method with which the thickness distribution of hollow bodies, for example, can be further improved. The extrusion head consists of at least one mandrel (1) and one nozzle (2), which have a rigid geometry and therefore cannot be varied or can also be deformed flexibly in some areas and form a flow channel (3), wherein the positions of the mandrel (1) and the nozzle (2) can be varied relative to one another, so that the geometry of a discharge gap (s) of the flow channel (3) can be varied while a melt is being discharged, wherein each head part has at least one head section with a uniform cross-sectional area in a discharge area (A) of the extrusion head, and wherein at least one head part has at least two head sections (B) and (C), each of which has a predominantly uniform cross-sectional area within the head section (B), (C), which are spaced axially apart from one another and which have mutually different cross-sectional areas.

Abstract: A photovoltaic module including a plurality of single photovoltaic cells is described. The photovoltaic module includes an electric connection device having power connections for outputting generated photovoltaic energy to a consumer network and an electric cutout device having cutout terminals at the power connections of the electric connection device and at least one safety circuit breaker through which the power connections of the electric connection device may be disconnected electrically from the consumer network. The electric cutout device includes a trigger device which is formed with a thermal sensitivity and/or a smoke sensitivity, which is connected to the safety circuit breaker in such a way that upon detection of a temperature and/or of smoke exceeding a predetermined threshold, the safety circuit breaker electrically disconnects the power connections of the electric connection device from the consumer network. A combination of several such photovoltaic modules is also described.

Abstract: A method for the production of elastomer and duromer molded items in an injection molding process using an injection molding machine with a respectively separately heatable filling unit, injection unit and cross-linking tool. The filling unit is heated to a temperature which is non-critical with regard to the cross-linking reaction of the plastic to be treated. The injection unit is heated to a temperature which is slightly below the cross-linking temperature of the molding material used.

Abstract: A method for the production of elastomer and duromer molded items in an injection molding process using an injection molding machine with a respectively separately heatable filling unit, injection unit and cross-linking tool. The filling unit is heated to a temperature which is non-critical with regard to the cross-linking reaction of the plastic to be treated. The injection unit is heated to a temperature which is slightly below the cross-linking temperature of the molding material used.

Abstract: For synthesis of a support-bound array of oligomers with free ends A, whereby a temporary protecting group is provided on the 5′-OH end of the oligomers and permanent protecting groups on reactive side groups, it is proposed that the temporary protecting group is removed from the end B after combinatorial synthesis of the oligomers onto the support, the free ends B are then cross-linked even before splitting of the permanent protecting groups, then the covalent bond of the synthesised oligomers can be removed via the end A onto the support, resulting in free ends A, and a portion of the synthesised oligomers binds covalently to the support also after removal of the ends A from the support.

Abstract: A wall structure forms a fluid flow channel and includes a deformable multi-wall area for varying a cross-section of the flow channel. The wall structure comprises a homogeneous material. The wall structure is made by sequentially applying layers of a material to one another such that in a region of the wall structure corresponding to the multi-wall area layers do not adhere to one another, to form individual walls disposed adjacent one another in the direction of the thickness of the wall structure.

Abstract: The geometry of a flow channel (1) can be varied within wide limits if at least one wall of the flow channel (1) takes the form of a sheet stack (2) which is pushed from the rear into the channel to a greater or lesser extent by means of adjusters (7). The adjustment may be effected either uniformly over the entire width of the flow channel (1) or only locally at certain points thereof. It is thus possible, while a medium is passing through the flow channel (1), to alter form outside the flow resistance either of the entire channel or only at certain points and thus alter the entire mass flow or the mass flow distribution as desired. New processing possibilities are given by the greater flexibility of the sheet stack (2) in relation to solid channel walls.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymethacrylate matte-finish surface and comprised of: A thermoplastic polymer matrix A, in the amount of 99.9-30 wt. %, comprised of a hard phase (a1) and a tough phase (a2); and Latex particles of a thermoelastic polymer B, in t. of 0.1-70 wt. %, incorporated in the said matrix A, which particles give rise to the matte effect. Preferably the hard phase (a1) may contain low molecular weight and/or polymer-bound UV-absorbers. The difference between index of refraction of the thermoplastic polymer A and that of the thermoelastic polymer B is at most 0.02. Despite its matte finish, the film has high transparency, is weather resistant, has low incidence of white fracture when buckled or folded, and has impact strength which does not degrade upon cooling or heating. At the same time, the film is effective as a UV filter, to protect substrates which are sensitive to UV irradiation.

Abstract: According to the method for detecting optical properties, especially luminescence reactions and refraction behavior of molecules which are directly or indirectly bound on a support, electromagnetic waves, especially laser light, are radiated onto the support. The light that is emitted or refracted by the molecules is then detected by a detector. The detector and the support are moved in relation to each other during and after the radiation of the electromagnetic waves. The support used is especially a transparent support with integrated position markings which can be detected by a detector, especially an optoelectronic scanning system. At least one of the integrated position markings is selected while the support and the detector are being moved in relation to each other or thereafter so that the light that is detected by the detector can be associated with a location on the support.

Abstract: According to the inventive method for applying substances to a support, especially monomers for the combinatorial synthesis of molecule libraries, the substances are first embedded in a matrix consisting of at least one solvent, said solvent being in a solid state of aggregation at a temperature below 90° C., preferably below 50° C. The substances that are embedded in the matrix from transport units which are subsequently applied to the support in a solid state of aggregation, at a temperature below 90° C., preferably below 50° C. Alternatively, the transport units can be dissolved with a second solvent part and applied to the support in a liquid state of aggregation, where they adopt a solid or gel-like stage of aggregation after said solvent part has completely or partially evaporated. The substances on the matrix are then mobilized by modifying their physical environment and brought into the vicinity of the support surface through a physical process.

Abstract: The geometry of a flow channel (1) can be varied within wide limits if at least one wall of the flow channel (1) takes the form of a sheet stack (2) which is pushed from the rear into the channel to a greater or lesser extent by means of adjusters (7). The adjustment may be effected either uniformly over the entire width of the flow channel (1) or only locally at certain points thereof. It is thus possible, while a medium is passing through the flow channel (1), to alter from outside the flow resistance either of the entire channel or only at certain points and thus alter the entire mass flow or the mass flow distribution as desired. New processing possibilities are given by the greater flexibility of the sheet stack (2) in relation to solid channel walls.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustable throttle with which to influence the mass flow within a rectangular flow channel or a flat flow channel with rounded marginal areas. Because of its special design, the throttle has no parting plane perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. The channel height may be modified by this throttle, so that the fluid mass flow may be influenced by changing the local flow channel resistance as a function of its width without creating discontinuities in the flow channel. Because of this continuous change in the geometry of the flow channel, both in the direction of its width and in the flow direction, the whole flow channel is totally free from dead spots.

Abstract: A plastic film is formed by passing a web of extruded thermoplastic material through a slit formed between a pair of smoothing rolls. One of the rolls is biased toward the other roll by a yieldable biasing mechanism to accommodate variations in thickness of the web.

Abstract: A plastic web is formed by introducing flowable plastic material to an upper inlet side of a nip formed by a pair of rolls to form a bead of the material at the inlet side, while removing the web from a lower outlet side of the nip. The birefringence of the web is measured at points across the web width, and the rate of plastic introduced to the nip inlet side is regulated in accordance with the measured birefringence to form a substantially uniform bead height along the nip inlet side.

Abstract: Extruded, smooth finished solid sheet or film, which may have a thickness<1 mm, of a thermoplastic plastic (such as polycarbonate) with a glass transition temperature >50.degree. C., which under conditions of orientation displays optical birefringence, may be manufactured into a flat strip with smooth finished surfaces, to yield a strip which has characteristics as follows:optical birefringence path difference less than or equal to 50 nm (single pass);low surface roughness;low variation in thickness;by extrusion of the plastic in a thermoplastic state, through a slot nozzle;wherein during or after the smoothing of the two surfaces one of the surfaces of the strip is cooled to below the glass transition temperature, while the other surface and the predominant part of the interior region of the strip remain in the thermoplastic state and the strip is cooled to below the glass transition temperature, under conditions which minimize the deforming forces on the surfaces of the extruded strip.