Abstract: A linear smoke detector having a light emitter (1) and a light receiver (2), and a reflector (4) which is arranged opposite the detector (D). The light emitter (1) emits a light beam to the reflector (4), which reflects it onto the light receiver (2). Wherein the installation of the smoke detector is effected by an installation tool with a light source aimed in the same direction as the light emitter (1) is placed over the detector (D) and emits bundled light. The installation position of the reflector is marked by a point of the bundled light on a surface opposite the installation tool. Further, the installation tool is an installation cover (8) which can be placed on the front of the detector (D), with a built-in laser (9), the light beam of which essentially coincides with that of the light emitter (1).

Abstract: A method is proposed for the monitoring of a plant having a plurality of sub-systems which is operable at variable working points. Respective measured values are detected for a fixed set of process parameters (B, U, S1, . . . , SN) at pre-settable time intervals during the operation of the plant (1). The measured values detected in a learning phase for different working points are used to prepare models (M1, M2, . . . , MN) for the operating characteristics of the sub-systems (11, 12, . . . , 1N). At least one monitoring parameter (Ri, Rik), which is independent of the respective current working point, is determined at pre-settable time intervals in an operating phase using the models (M1, M2, . . . , MN) and the time-dependent course of the monitoring parameter (Ri, Rik) is used for the monitoring of the plant (1).

Abstract: A method of operating a controlled deflection roll having a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell or jacket rotatable about the stationary roll support. The rotatable roll shell is supported in relation to the stationary roll support by means of hydrostatic pressure elements. The roll shell is displaceably guided in guides in relation to the stationary roll support for movement in a press or pressure plane. Between the rotatable roll shell and the stationary roll support, supporting or carrier members are operated and regulated for taking-up the inherent weight of the rotatable roll shell within the range of mobility of the rotatable roll shell in relation to the stationary roll support or beam.

Abstract: A controlled deflection roll contains a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell or jacket rotatable about the stationary roll support. The rotatable roll shell is supported upon the stationary roll support by means of hydrostatic support or pressure elements. The roll shell is displaceably guided in guides in relation to the stationary roll support for movement in a press or pressure plane. Between the rotatable roll shell and the stationary roll support there are arranged supporting or carrier members which are suitable for taking-up the inherent weight of the rotatable roll shell within the range of mobility of the rotatable roll shell in relation to the stationary roll support or beam.

Abstract: In rolling metal foils, such as aluminum foils, especially very thin foils in the range down to 10 .mu.m, an improved uniformity of the foil thickness over the width of the foil sheet and, simultaneously, greater rolling speeds of the foil sheet are obtained by operating the rolling apparatus at a working point of the rolling force/material-working or line force/deformation characteristic curve which lies below the saturation region in which, while the material-working or deformation is nearly independent of the rolling or line force, the rolling or pulling speed is determined by other parameters and can not be varied. The thickness variations occurring under this selection of the working point and due to variations in the rolling or line force over the width of the rolls are compensated by regulating the rolling or line force such that the thickness reduction is constant over the width of the sheet or has a desired profile of variation.

Abstract: The controlled deflection roll comprises a stationary, non-rotating roll support member and a roll shell mounted to rotate about the stationary roll support member. The roll shell is not directly supported at the stationary roll support member by means of hydraulic support elements, but through the intermediary of additionally provided traveling rings each of which defines a travel path for the related hydraulic support element. The traveling rings have an outer diameter slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the roll shell and they are arranged to be rotatable independently of the roll shell. During operation of the controlled deflection roll the traveling rings, therefore, roll along the inner surface of the roll shell. As a result, the flexibility of the roll shell is improved in circumferential direction as well as transversely to the pressing line of the controlled deflection roller. In this arrangement stiffness of the roll shell in circumferential direction is insured by the traveling rings.

Abstract: A smoke detector is disclosed having a radiation source operated in a pulsed mode. Externally of a direct radiation region of the radiation source there is arranged a radiation receiver which, in the presence of smoke or other particles emanating from a combustion process and located in the radiation region, is impinged by scattered radiation and delivers an output signal to an evaluation circuit. The evaluation circuit contains switching elements which, when the number of source output signals or pulses exceeds a predetermined threshold value for the number of source output pulses, delivers an alarm signal. Near to the radiation receiver there is arranged a reference cell in the direct radiation beam of the radiation source, this reference cell controlling the emission of radiation by the radiation source.

Abstract: A smoke detector contains a pulse-operated radiation source and a radiation receiver arranged externally of the region directly irradiated by the radiation source. The radiation receiver, in the presence of smoke in the radiation region, is impinged by scattered radiation and delivers output pulses. There is provided an evaluation circuit which generates a blocking pulse, and which inputs a resetting signal to a counter device in consequence of the difference of the blocking pulse and output pulse of the radiation receiver. The counter or counting device, in the absence of a resetting signal, is switched further and upon reaching a predetermined counter state triggers an alarm signal. High-frequency electrical disturbances which arise, as long as the radiation source delivers radiation pulses, at most can generate an additional resetting signal for the counter, so that the integrity of the smoke detector against triggering of false alarms is enhanced.

Abstract: An arrangement for regulating a rolling mill for metal rolling, the work rolls of which are supported by guided roll shells of a lower controlled deflection roll and an upper controlled deflection roll, the roll shells being supported by means of hydrostatic pressure or support elements upon a related roll support or beam. First regulation circuits are provided for regulating the pressure of the pressure or support elements of the controlled deflection rolls. A second regulation circuit for the position of the roll shells overrides the first regulation circuits, so that adjustment output magnitudes of the second regulation circuit can be impressed as reference or set values or adjustment magnitudes upon the first regulation circuits.

Abstract: A rolling mill is disclosed containing a roll stand equipped with two work rolls which are braced at back-up or support rolls which can be constructed as controlled deflection rolls. The work rolls are equipped at their opposed ends with bending devices for applying a bending moment. Simplified designs of the rolling mill contemplate constructing one of the back-up or support rolls as a solid roll. Furthermore, one of the work rolls can be omitted.

Abstract: A rolling device is shown, having two press rollers of which at least one is a deflection equalizing roller. The equalizing roller has a support, support elements and a roller shell rotating around the support which is displaceable relatively to the support in a plane containing the axes of the rolls.In order to reduce the deflection of the supports under the stress produced during use by the support elements the supports are secured in the side panels and without clearance, stiffened against bending.Therefore, the supports and both the side panels form together a force locked construction being firm against bending.

Abstract: In a support element with a flexible or inclinable head portion which faces a surface which is to be supported, the head portion is able to adapt to any changes in shape or position in order to maintain a parallel gap between the surface and the head portion. In order to support the head portion towards the surface which is to be supported, at least one pressure chamber is provided which can be acted upon by a pressure medium so that the force produced by this action of pressure medium acts on the head portion in the direction stated. A measuring device is provided, for measuring the size of the gap between the head portion and the surface to be supported. The pressure in the pressure chamber is regulated as a function of the measured size of the gap.