Abstract: A method for the production of packaging material systems for technical and pharmaceutical individual doses uses acid-catalyzed acetalization reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with vinyl alcohol copolymers (PVACL) produced with starch or starch derivatives in conjunction with destructuring agents. In the method, vinyl alcohol copolymers (PVCL) which contain water and which are soluble in cold water are produced either beforehand or after from the films and destructuring agents are added such that the hydrogen bridges between the polymer chains are fully or partially interrupted and that the films of vinyl alcohol copolymers thus prepared are subsequently heated to temperatures below the melting or expansion intervals thereof and are further processed in a sealing process using pressure for the production of a sealing seam for packaging in the form of individual doses.

Abstract: The description relates to vinyl alcohol copolymers which can be produced by the acid-catalysed acetalisation reaction of polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of saponification of 80-99.5 mol % and preferably between 88 and 99.5 mol % with natural substances or their derivatives containing carbonyl or presumptive carbonyl groups. The description also relates to water-soluble films containing such vinyl alcohol copolymers, the solubility of which can be adjusted to the desired solution temperature. Said water-soluble films are used as packaging materials and auxiliaries, e.g. in the form of sealing lacquers.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of biodegradable graft copolymers producible in the presence of empirically determined quantities of water from polyvinyl alcohols with a degree of saponification of 88 to 99.5 mol. % by an acid catalysed acetalisation and/or transacetylisation reaction with carbohydrates containing carbonyl groups or presumptive carbonyl groups, in which the degree of acetqalisation, expressed in carbonyl equivalents per 100 vinyl alcohol equivalents, is between 0.2 and 20, and preferably between 1 and 10, as a plasticiser for the thermoplaticisation of starch and/or starch mixtures.

Abstract: There is provided a process, preferably continuous and in a given case successive, substitution of one or two chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride by one or two amines, which may be the same or different, in the presence of an acid acceptor and in the presence of an organic solvent, particularly for the production of 2-alkylamino-4,6-dichloro and preferably for the production of 2,4-di(alkylamino)-6-chloro-s-triazines wherein there is added 1.00 to 1.05 mole, preferably 1.00 to 1.03 mole of a first amine to a 4.5 to 50 weight % suspension or solution of cyanuric chloride in a mixture of 65 to 85 weight % of xylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, benzene and/or an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon with 5 to 10 carbon atoms (toluene being preferred) and 35 to 15 weight % of a ketone with 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably acetone, while maintaining the temperature between about 0 and about 20.degree. C, preferably about 10 to 18.degree. C.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the substitution of one or for the successive substitution of two chlorine atoms of cyanuric chloride by one or two amines whch may be the same or different in the presence of an acid binding agent and in the presence of an organic solvent, particularly for the production of 2-alkylamino-4,6-dichloro-, s-triazines and more preferably for the production of 2,4-di-(alkylamino)-6-chloro-s-triazines wherein there is used a 4 to 60 weight % solution or suspension of cyanuric chloride in a mixture of 65 to 85 weight % of one or more aliphatic hydrocarbons or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons hving 5 to 10 carbon atoms and/or one or more aromatic hydrocarbons and 35 to 15 weight % of one or more ketones having 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for improving the processability of a coating composition for paper and paper substitutes in which the composition contains at least one undissolved finely divided inorganic substance, organic substance, or mixture of such substances in a system comprised mainly of water, wherein the process comprises mixing into said system about 0.05 - 5.0 percent by weight of at least one dispersing agent consisting essentially of a polymer derived from specified units containing carboxyl, carboxylate, carbonyl and/or hydroxyl groups. A coating composition is provided.

Abstract: There is provided a process for the production of a solution or suspension of cyanuric chloride in a water containing organic solvent wherein the liquid cyanuric chloride and the organic-aqueous solvent are mixed together while being agitated, the liquid cyanuric chloride at a temperature between its melting point and 200.degree. C. is led into the flowing organic-aqueous solvent with a velocity of Vcy (in kg per hour) wherein ##EQU1## where P is the desired concentration of cyanuric chloride in the solution or suspension to be produced in weight %, P.sub.LM is the concentration of cyanuric chloride in the solvent used which also includes O,V.sub.lm is the velocity of the solvent added in kg/h,And P.sub.LM, V.sub.LM and T.sub.LM, the temperature of the added solvent, are so selected that the expression ##EQU2## does not exceed the boiling temperature in .degree. C. of the solvent used and wherein C.sub.p (LM) and C.sub.p (Cy) signify the specific heat capacities in cal. x g.sup.-.sup.1 .times. (.degree.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-n-caproic acid and 6-substituted 2-chloro-n-caproic acids are produced from n-caproic acid or 6-substituted n-caproic acids are chlorinated in the presence of sulfur halides and phosphorus halides at elevated temperatures using for each mole of caproic acid there is used up to about 1.2 mole of chlorine and as catalyst at least one compound of the group of sulfur chlorides, sulfur bromides, phosphorus chloride and phosphorus bromide at a temperature of about 110.degree. to 130 .degree. C.

Abstract: Process for dispersing solid, organic or inorganic colorant particles or mixtures thereof in a system comprised mainly of water by mixing into the aqueous system about 0.05 to 10% by weight of at least one dispersing agent comprising a polymer derived from specified units containing carboxyl, carboxylate, carbonyl and/or hydroxyl groups. A dispersing agent and an aqueous dispersion are provided. The process is particularly useful for dispersing pigments in aqueous systems.

Abstract: A process for decreasing the hygroscopicity of a polycarboxylate, said process comprising preparing a melt of a composition having a melting point of about 40.degree. - 120.degree. C, said composition giving an acid or neutral pH in an aqueous solution or suspension, said composition being less hygroscopic than said polycarboxylate, said composition capable of being free flowing under equilibrium conditions at about 30.degree. C and in an air atmosphere of at least about 40% relative humidity; heating said melt in a mixer to a temperature of up to about 140.degree. C; gradually adding said polycarboxylate as a powder to said melt while mixing said melt; wherein said composition comprises at least about 3 and at most about 40% by weight of the mixture resulting after all polycarboxylate has been added to said melt.

Abstract: A non-foaming iodophor having a high content of active iodine comprises the product formed by mixing while heating at about 50.degree.-120.degree.C for about 0.75-15 hours a reaction mixture of:I. about 10-30 weight percent of elementary iodine; andIi. about 90-70 weight percent of an aqueous solution consisting essentially of:A. about 7-30 weight percent of at least one polycarboxylic acid, at least one polycarboxylate or mixtures of said polycarboxylic acids and polycarboxylates, having at least 65 carboxyl or carboxylate groups per 100 monomer units in the polymer chain and an average degree of polymerization (numerical average value) between about 10 and 500;B. about 0-20 weight percent of at least one alkali metal iodide, ammonium iodide, mixtures of said iodides or at least one lower, monovalent, aliphatic alcohol;C.

Abstract: Alkali percarbonates are prepared from aqueous alkali carbonate and hydrogen peroxide solution in the presence of polymeric carboxylates, especially those that contain in addition to carboxylate or carboxylic groups hydroxyl groups and if desired carbonyl groups and which have an average degree of polymerization of 5 to 5000.

Abstract: Process for improving the water wettability of natural or synthetic zeolites, said process comprising thoroughly mixing at least one natural zeolite, synthetic zeolite or mixture of natural and synthetic zeolites with an aqueous solution of a treating agent selected from the group consisting of at least one polyelectrolytic polycarboxylic acid, at least one completely or partially neutralized polycarboxylate, or at least one mixture of said polycarboxylic acid and polycarboxylates; wherein said treating agent has at least about 40 basic mole percent carboxyl or carboxylate groups and a mean degree of polymerization (numerical mean) between about 3 and about 5000; said mixing conducted at about 0.degree. to about 100.degree.C for at least about 5 minutes; said aqueous solution employed in a concentration between about 2 and about 800 g polycarboxylic acid or polycarboxylate per liter and in such quantity that it comprises about 0.

Abstract: A process for precipitating heavy metal ion-polycarboxylate complexes from solution, said process comprising adding to a solution containing at least one of said complexes an aqueous solution of a water soluble aluminum salt, the anion of which does not form any water soluble complexes with said heavy metal ions to be precipitated or optionally such anion-heavy metal complexes having a stability constant, expressed as their decadic logarithm, of less than 2; wherein 0.9 to 1.8 moles of aluminum ions are employed per equivalent of polycarboxylate; and adjusting the pH of the resulting reaction mixture to about 6.5 to about 9.0 with an alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: Process of manufacturing bead-shaped polymers from acrylic acid by the polymerization of monomeric acrylic acid under slow addition of the monomer to a powerfully stirred, boiling hydrophobic reaction medium and in the presence of a free radical catalyst as well as polymerization regulator and/or cross-linking agents which comprises carrying out the polymerization in the presence of a polymerization inhibitor and/or polymerization retarder.