Abstract: A conversion circuit is arranged for converting an ion detection current (id) produced by an ion detector into an ion detection signal (P). The conversion circuit comprises an input stage for converting the ion detection current (id) into an ion detection voltage (Vd), an output stage for converting the ion detection voltage into the detection signal (P), the output stage being arranged for drawing a first current dependent on the ion detection voltage, and a supplementary stage for providing a second current (is) dependent on the ion detection voltage to the output stage. The second current may be substantially equal to the first current.

Abstract: An ion detection current conversion circuit includes a conversion amplifier coupled with a conversion resistor assembly for converting an ion detection current produced by an ion detector into an ion detection voltage, the conversion resistor assembly comprising a resistor having a high resistance and a capacitive compensation element, and a compensation voltage circuit for deriving a compensation voltage from the ion detection voltage and feeding the compensation voltage to the capacitive compensation element, the compensation voltage circuit comprising a variable resistor for adjusting the compensation voltage.

Abstract: An ion detection current conversion circuit includes a conversion amplifier coupled with a conversion resistor assembly for converting an ion detection current produced by an ion detector into an ion detection voltage, the conversion resistor assembly comprising a resistor having a high resistance and a capacitive compensation element, and a compensation voltage circuit for deriving a compensation voltage from the ion detection voltage and feeding the compensation voltage to the capacitive compensation element, the compensation voltage circuit comprising a variable resistor for adjusting the compensation voltage.

Abstract: A conversion circuit is arranged for converting an ion detection current (iD) produced by an ion detector into an ion detection signal (P). The conversion circuit comprises: an input stage for converting the ion detection current (iD) into an ion detection voltage (VD), an output stage for converting the ion detection voltage into the detection signal (P), the output stage being arranged for drawing a first current dependent on the ion detection voltage, and a supplementary stage for providing a second current (iS) dependent on the ion detection voltage to the output stage. The second current may be substantially equal to the first current.

Abstract: A transimpedance amplifier includes a resistor assembly coupled between an output of the transimpedance amplifier and an input of the transimpedance amplifier, and a voltage source for applying a first voltage to a first conductive compensation element of the resistor assembly and a second voltage to a second conductive compensation element of the resistor assembly. The first voltage and the second voltage are each derived from the output voltage, Vout, of the transimpedance amplifier. The first voltage is a first proportion of Vout and the second voltage is a second proportion of Vout. The voltage source includes a voltage controller for adjusting at least one of the first proportion and/or the second proportion.

Abstract: A transimpedance amplifier includes a resistor assembly coupled between an output of the transimpedance amplifier and an input of the transimpedance amplifier, and a voltage source for applying a first voltage to a first conductive compensation element of the resistor assembly and a second voltage to a second conductive compensation element of the resistor assembly. The first voltage and the second voltage are each derived from the output voltage, Vout, of the transimpedance amplifier. The first voltage is a first proportion of Vout and the second voltage is a second proportion of Vout. The voltage source includes a voltage controller for adjusting at least one of the first proportion and/or the second proportion.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to capsules coated with a polyelectrolyte shell and methods for the production thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for measuring ionic currents when determining isotope ratios and suing a mass spectrometer. Two or more ionic currents are measured in parallel, that is to say caught by catchers and evaluated via respectively assigned electronic measuring system. The assignments between catchers and electronic measuring systems are changed as time progresses.

Abstract: For calibrating mass spectrometers with a plurality of ion targets (1), especially Faraday targets, to which a separate measuring channel is assigned in each case, an electric current from a highly stable electrical voltage-source (6) is supplied, as a measurement reference-value, to the individual measuring channels, in chronological succession, via a resistor (R.sub.2) having a high degree of constancy. For this purpose, a control device (7) is provided, which actuates switching devices (K.sub.1 -K.sub.n) in such a manner that the correct chronological sequence is maintained. The calibrating measurement-values, obtained with the aid of this highly stable current, are intercorrelated in order to form a correction-value, this correlating operation being performed in a calibrating-correction unit (5). Several calibrating measurements, with different currents, can be carried out for each measuring channel (V.sub.1 -V.sub.

Abstract: An integrating circuit comprises an integrating amplifier having an inverting input for receiving a signal to be integrated, and a feedback capacitor connected between the output of the amplifier and its inverting input. The output of the integrating amplifier is connected one input of a second amplifier having another input connected to zero potential. The output of the second amplifier is connected to a diode switching arrangement which is actuated between a conductive state in which a d.c. connection is established between the output of the second amplifier and the inverting input of the integrating amplifier and the feedback capacitor is forcibly discharged and a non-conductive state in which the d.c. connection is interrupted and the output of the second amplifier is connected to zero potential so as to enable the integrating amplifier to integrate the signal received by its inverting input.