Abstract: A method and a combustion furnace are provided by means of which waste which is predominantly of organic nature can be burnt effectively and uniformly. The combustion furnace comprises two bottlenecks, one above the other, constituted by rocking grates. The upper rocking grate essentially serves to subject the solids to pre-combustion, namely to drying, degasifying, and partial gasifying, and to supply the material uniformly in doses to the fire bed which is located on the lower grate and in which complete gasification takes place. Rotational movements of both grates provide for uniform passage of the material through the shaft without the risk of burn-through occurring along the edges so that the entire combustion process becomes highly uniform.

Abstract: A gasification shaft in the reactor collects a loose heap of solid waste matter on a support at the bottom of the shaft in the form of a triangular hollow prism having longitudinal edges leaving gaps between it and the walls of the shaft. The support can be swung about its axis to open the gaps wider and shake the solid material. Oxygen containing gas is supplied at the top of the shaft and supports partial combustion of the solid material. Gas and partly burned solid material pass down through the variable gaps into a combination chamber below the shaft into which more oxygen containing gas is fed both from above through the prismatic support and from below through an ash chamber at the bottom of the combustion chamber after passing through lower gaps between an emptying device of triangular prism shape, below which is an ash removal chamber.

Abstract: A process for the conditioning of contaminated waste through cementing. Dry waste is cemented, especially waste which is recovered as ashes subsequent to the combustion of burnable waste, or as a dry residue during the treatment of sludge. In the process there is added to the dry waste a cement component not less than about 50% by weight of the weight of the waste, wherein subsequent to the admixing of the waste with the cement, there is mixed in water to the cement in a slightly excess stoichiometric ratio of effecting the setting, and the mixture is compacted under pressure and then encased.

Abstract: A waste liquid is dripped down into a shaft chamber 1 of a shaft furnace 2 t the bottom of which chamber is a rotating conical grate 3 on which is an incandescent bed of carbon-rich material 6 than can be supplied from the top of the shaft. Oxygen is supplied through holes 17 of a raised head 15 of the grate. The liquid, vaporized as it reaches the incandescent bed, is drawn through the bed 6 where it is gasified and where high molecular weight components are cracked, forming a gas mixture that is drawn off through the duct 18 at the bottom of the shaft while solid residues of the liquid collect in the bed 6 from which ashes pass through a peripheral gap 5 and drop down through the duct 18 to a collecting hopper 21. The gas mixture then flows upward through a second incandescent bed 24 of carbon-rich material, such as coke or wood charcoal, where the oxygen, exhausted along with the gas mixture from the shaft 1, maintains a temperature between 900.degree. and 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Combustible gases produced by pyrolysis of combustible material undergo partial combustion in a combustion chamber to which air is admitted in substoichiometric quantity ratio, at a temperature of about 800.degree. C. A gas duct leading out of the combustion chamber and passing partly or all the way across the combustion chamber with one or more openings for entrance of the combustible gas is supplied with additional air in at least stoichiometric quantity ratio, with the result that complete combustion of the combustible gas takes place within the duct as the gases pass out of the combustion chamber, at a temperature of about 1100.degree. C., producing a flame jet that can be used to heat an adjacent boiler, heat exchanger, or the like.

Abstract: Separation of the apparatus for drying and degassing organic waste from the shaft furnace containing a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber increases the through-put capability of the shaft furnace gasification. The gasification is promoted by the addition, in the same direction of flow as the partly carbonized waste material, of a gas such as air, steam, carbon dioxide or oxygen adjusted in accordance with the changes in composition of the material that is gasified. The drying and degassing chamber is a rotary drum feeding the dried and degassed material into the top of the shaft furnace. An intermediate chamber may be imposed between the rotary drum and the shaft furnace at the top of the shaft furnace so that a sieve can separate incombustible material such as metal parts for withdrawal through a gas-tight sluice.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for treating radioactively contaminated solvent ste. The solvent waste is supplied to material such as peat, vermiculite, diaton, etc. This material effects the distribution or dispersion of the solvent and absorbs the foreign substances found in the solvent waste. Air or an inert gas flows through the material in order to pick up the solvent portions which are volatile as a consequence of their vapor pressure. The thus formed gas mixture, which includes air or inert gas and solvent portions, is purified in a known manner by thermal, electrical, or catalytic combustion of the solvent portions.

Abstract: In a furnace in which the waste is loaded into a central shaft at the bot of which it is held up by a device for letting through small particles after the column of waste has been exposed to degassing and drying heat entering laterally from a smoke chamber. Fresh air is supplied in substoichiometric quantity into the column of waste and is supplied in further quantity through the device for holding up the material in the column as well as just above it and, finally, also in a combustion chamber below the device for afterburning combustible gases. There is an opening between the device for holding up the waste material in the shaft and the inner wall of the shaft to material to form an inclined layer down to the hole at the bottom of the shaft, enclosing a combustion space. An ember bed forms here, from which melted material passes down through a combustion chamber below and through a drain in the floor of the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A method of and furnace for burning waste material. The furnace has a cenl chute for receiving the waste material, and a combustion chamber which is arranged below the chute and has a closed bottom. The transition between the central chute and the combustion chamber is designed as a constriction. The waste material is accumulated above the constriction, where it is dried and degasified up to the point of combustion by being heated up under the exclusion of air in the central chute. Heated up fresh air is supplied ahead of the constriction at below stoichiometric ratio to the heated up waste material and to the exhaust gases formed during the heating up of the waste material. The exhaust gases are withdrawn downwardly through the constriction, and further fresh air is supplied to the exhaust gases and to the degasified waste material for their common combustion at the constriction, so that essentially only ashes pass downwardly into the combustion chamber through the constriction.

Abstract: A furnace for waste material. The furnace has a central chute for receiving he waste material, and a combustion chamber which is arranged below the chute and has a closed bottom. The transition between the central chute and the combustion chamber is designed as a constriction in such a way that the waste material remains above the constriction in the central chute for drying and degasification up to the point of combustion. Essentially, only ashes pass through the constriction downwardly into the combustion chamber. The gases which are withdrawn downwardly out of the chute are also guided through the constriction into the combustion chamber. Fresh air supply lines discharge at the constriction and in the lower portion of the chute above the constriction. The flue gases formed in the combustion chamber are guided to a flue through discharge openings in the exhaust chamber of the combustion chamber. The exhaust chamber is designed in such a way that it surrounds the central chute.

Abstract: Sluice gate members mounted for swinging movement about a shaft offset from the center of a furnace and arranged to be moved both gradually and discontinuously are interposed between an upper pyrolysis and precombustion chamber and a lower afterburning chamber. The movement of these sluice gate members causes particles of the fire bed supported on them to drop down into the afterburning chamber, largely in the form of embers, at about the same rate as additional waste material is added to the fire bed, so as to maintain a fire bed of approximately constant size. The sluice gate members are hollow and secondary air is blown into them near the shafts on which they are mounted and flows out through holes on their bottom surfaces and in their facing tip edges and then proceeds downward to contribute to the afterburning process.

Abstract: Ducts for carrying off hot gas given off from the combustion chamber of an incinerator are built into the outer walls of a pyrolysis chamber located above the combustion chamber. The pyrolysis chamber has cross-sectional dimensions that are small enough to assure that heat from the gas ducts in walls completely penetrate the fill of waste in the pyrolysis chamber. Sluice gates are provided between the pyrolysis chamber and the combustion chamber on which the fill of the pyrolysis chamber rests when the gates are quiescent. The gates are moved to allow fragments of the pyrolysis products to drop into the combustion chamber or to turn over material resting on the gates.

Abstract: A method of and furnace for burning waste material, according to which the aste material is for drying and degasifying same heated in a container whereupon the thus degasified waste material and the waste gases formed during such heating and drying operation are burned in a combustion chamber directly following the container while fresh air is added to the degasified waste material and to the waste gases formed during the heating operation. The heating of the waste material in the container is effected under exclusion of air, and the thus formed waste gases together with the degasified waste material are passed through a constriction located between the container receiving the waste material to be burned and the combustion chamber, the fresh air being added to the degasified waste material and to the waste gases at the constriction.

Abstract: An incinerator, especially for burning waste material with a device for pfying flue gases derived from a combustion chamber for burning the waste material. In the combustion chamber or adjacent thereto, discharge openings of conduit means are provided for conveying fresh air thereto. The device for purifying the flue gases comprises a filter of high heat-resistant material which is interposed between the combustion chamber and a flue.

Abstract: A plant for burning waste which has a main combustion chamber to be charged ith the waste to be burnt and with fresh gases for burning the waste. From this main combustion chamber the burnt material and unburnt residual material including gases pass through a grate into a post-combustion chamber, the bottom of which is adapted to be closed, and which has lateral outlets for the waste gas. The post-combustion chamber which has a volume at least equalling the volume of the main combustion chamber has a wall structure extending from above into said post-combustion chamber for guiding gases passing through the grate toward the bottom of the post-combustion chamber. This wall structure is open at its lower end and is of highly heat resistant material as e.g. steel.