Abstract: Hot pipes are tempered in an oil bath contained in a tapered, covered pan; a flap is temporarily opened for feeding, but closed when oil vapor develops, to be sucked off without contaminating the environment. Pan and cover structure are supplemented to prevent uncontrolled escape of vapor during treatment. Different handling devices for pipes in the interior of the pan are described.

Abstract: A piezoelectric filter and the process of making the same in which the filter is enclosed in a capsule or envelope of dielectric material through which the connection for the electrodes extend. Self adhesive spacers on each principal surface of the piezoelectric filter are embossed to provide a spacing for the electrodes with respect to the envelope. In addition, slots or other openings between the embossed areas permit the envelope material to engage a surface of the filter that does not have an electrode for damping purposes. The process of manufacture is dictated by the structure and requires first the placement of the spacer in position with the enclosed areas registering with the electrodes and then the formation of the envelope.

Abstract: Impurities or unwanted by-products are distilled off from an oily liquid by means of an ancillary stripping agent. The vaporization temperatures of the impurities and of the ancillary stripping agent lie below that of the oily liquid. Spontaneous distillation takes place in a decompressor to which the materials to be treated are supplied from a mixer or contactor. The decompressor comprises two nozzles arranged in series. In the decompressor the materials to be treated are subjected to a pressure considerably below the mixer pressure and somewhat below the separator pressure. Decomposition of the oil stream occurs in the decompressor into a non-volatile liquid phase and a vapor phase containing the ancillary stripping agent and the impurities originally in the oil feed. The mixed vapor/liquid stream enters the separator which is at a pressure which lies considerably below the pressure obtaining in the mixer.

Abstract: Unwanted contaminants or by-products of oily streams can be removed by distillation at reduced pressure and elevated temperatures using an ancillary distilling agent which lowers the boiling temperatures of the impurities. The efficiency of such removal is enhanced by the formation of a true solution of the ancillary agent in the oily stream at the molecular level. To bring about this solution, the ancillary agent in the superheated gaseous state is brought into intimate contact with the oily stream in a mixing vessel or contactor at substantially equal pressures but at slightly differing temperatures. The oil temperature is such as to cause condensation of the ancillary agent, but not to significantly cool the oil.

Abstract: The feed mechanism for a pilger or Mannesmann rolling mill is driven by an electrical linear motor which is controlled on the basis of two pulse trains. One train is derived from the rolls, the other one from the reciprocating motor. The control is carried out to distinguish between a constant speed phase during a rolling pass, an acceleration phase for advancing the feed mechanism and a deceleration phase to obtain reversal ahead of re-engagement of the bloom by the rolls for the next rolling step.