Abstract: A device for coupling to a spindle of a machine tool includes a holder for coupling to the spindle of the machine tool, a conveyor element configured to convey a filament and rotatable about an axis of rotation, and a material processing unit. The material processing unit includes a gear which includes a force-receiving element configured to receive a mechanical force from the spindle and rotatable about an axis of rotation which extends substantially orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the conveyor element, and a force-delivery element configured to deliver to the conveyor element the mechanical force transmitted purely mechanically from the force-receiving element, with the force-receiving element being configured separately from the force-delivery element.

Abstract: A device for coupling to a spindle of a machine tool includes a holder for coupling to the spindle of the machine tool, a conveyor element configured to convey a filament and rotatable about an axis of rotation, and a material processing unit. The material processing unit includes a gear which includes a force-receiving element configured to receive a mechanical force from the spindle and rotatable about an axis of rotation which extends substantially orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the conveyor element, and a force-delivery element configured to deliver to the conveyor element the mechanical force transmitted purely mechanically from the force-receiving element, with the force-receiving element being configured separately from the force-delivery element.

Abstract: A production machine includes an electrical positioning drive having a stator and a moveable member displaceable relative to the stator in at least one travel direction. The moveable member is mounted, in relation to the stator, in a contactless manner by a magnetic field in at least one of the supporting directions differing from the travel direction. A sensor device is associated with the positioning drive to shift the moveable member relative to the stator in the supporting direction to be detected. A control device is also associated with the positioning drive, and the shift of the moveable member is detected by the sensor device and can be supplied in the supporting direction. A control signal for a positioning magnet system can be determined by the control device, on the basis of the shift of the moveable member in the supporting direction and a nominal positioning of the moveable member.

Abstract: A production machine includes an electrical positioning drive having a stator and a moveable member displaceable relative to the stator in at least one travel direction. The moveable member is mounted, in relation to the stator, in a contactless manner by a magnetic field in at least one of the supporting directions differing from the travel direction. A sensor device is associated with the positioning drive to shift the moveable member relative to the stator in the supporting direction to be detected. A control device is also associated with the positioning drive, and the shift of the moveable member is detected by the sensor device and can be supplied in the supporting direction. A control signal for a positioning magnet system can be determined by the control device, on the basis of the shift of the moveable member in the supporting direction and a nominal positioning of the moveable member.

Abstract: A process for the production of solid, pourable, washing or cleaning agents containing surface-active compounds, builders, and calcium binding compounds, said calcium binding compounds consisting of at least one finely-dispersed water-insoluble silicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis:(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x .multidot.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a member of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum and boron, and y is a number form 0.8 to 6, comprising the steps of mixing said silicate compound, while still moist from its production, with at least part of the remaining components of the washing and cleaning agent and converting the entire mixture of components into a pourable product.

Abstract: A process for the production of solid, pourable, washing or cleaning agents containing surface-active compounds, builders, and calcium binding compounds, said calcium binding compounds consisting of at least one finely-dispersed water-insoluble silicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis(M.sub.2 /n.sup.O)x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a member of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum and boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, comprising the steps of mixing said silicate compound, while still moist from its production, with at least part of the remaining components of the washing and cleaning agent and converting the entire mixture of components into a pourable product.

Abstract: The machine washing of solid textiles or dishes is improved when the wash water is passed through a cation exchange agent of the formula:(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.y,wherein M is a cation of valence n interchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said agent having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg. of CaO per gram, said agent being maintained during said washing out of contact with the objects being washed within a filter apparatus. Apparatus for carrying out the process includes means for circulating the wash water through a vessel containing the cation exchange agent in porous solid or in fluidized bed form within a filter means.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of low-phosphorus or phorphorus-free spray dried detergents containing at least one water-soluble inorganic or organic compound exerting a washing or cleansing effect and at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation comprising a finely-dispersed, water-insoluble, bound water-containing silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown,(M.sub.2 /.sub.n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.

Abstract: A pourable agglomerated aluminosilicate builder composition comprising(A) from 20% to 70% by weight of at least one finely-divided, synthetically-produced, water-insoluble aluminosilicate compound containing at least some combined water and having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and the formula on the anhydrous basis(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and(B) from 30% to 80% by weight of at least two water-soluble alkali metal salts containing water of crystallization selected from the group consisting of tripolyphosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, sulfates, carbonates, metasilicates and borates; as well as the process of production of the same.

Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the wash liquor in contact with said solid soiled materials through a silicate cation exchange compound having some combined water and a particle size of at least 10.mu. of the formula:(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x.Me.sub.2 O.sub.3.(SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M is a cation of valence n exchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said silicate compound having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg of CaO per gram, said silicate compound being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time that the recycling wash liquor has passed through said silicate compound at least twice, in the presence of other soluble washing and cleaning compounds, while reversing the direction of flow of said wash liquor through said silicate compound repeatedly.

Abstract: Solid soiled materials are machine washed by withdrawing and recycling the wash liquor in contact with said solid soiled materials through a water-insoluble cation exchange polymer in particulate state having a calcium binding power of at least 2 mVal per gram, said polymer in particulate state being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time that the recycling wash liquor has passed through said polymer at least twice, in the presence of other soluble washing and cleaning compounds, while reversing the direction of flow of said wash liquor through said polymer repeatedly.

Abstract: A method of treating soiled textiles, wherein the soiled textiles are immersed in an aqueous liquor which contains at least two compounds inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation on said soiled textiles comprising using (1) from 0.2 to 10 gm of anhydrous active substance per liter of at least one finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compound having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is aluminum or boron, and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, and (2) from 0.05 to 2gm/l of at least one of certain polyphosphonates; as well as washing compositions containing said at least two compounds.

Abstract: The machine washing of solid material (e.g. dishes and clothes) in hard water areas is enhanced when the washing solution has a dissolved content of a sequestering agent for calcium ions and is contacted with an insoluble cation exchange resin in particulate state, the washing solution being passed through a filter containing the resin during the course of the washing operation. The filter is maintained separate and spaced from the washing area. The cation exchange resin may be contained in a filter of the whirlpool type, so that the particles are maintained in aqueous suspension without coming into contact with the materials being washed, or it may be contained as a unitary porous lining of a filter.

Abstract: Pourable washing agent compositions comprising essentially a premix powder component and optionally a second powder component obtained by hot drying of an aqueous composition containing conventional heat-insensitive components, consisting essentially of(1) from 30% to 100% by weight of a premix consisting essentially of(A) finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown, of(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x .multidot. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.

Abstract: This invention relates to cation-exchanging, water-insoluble aluminosilicates containing bound water and an ionic surface-active compound resistant to water hardness formers and having, for every mol of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, from 0.7 to 1.5 mols Cat.sub.2/n O, where Cat is a cation having the valence n, and from 0.8 to 6 mols SiO.sub.2, and being produced by the precipitation of said aluminosilicate in an aqueous solution, wherein said reaction is conducted in the presence of an aqueous solution of said ionic surface-active compound, and optional subsequent crystallization; as well as a process for its preparation and a process for the sequestration of water hardness cations employing said aluminosilicates.

Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the tap water in contact with said solid soiled materials through a silicate cation exchange compound having some combined water and a particle size of between 10 .mu. and 100 .mu. of the formula(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywherein M is a cation of valence n exchangeable with calcium, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron, x is a number from 0.7 to 1.5 and y is a number from 0.8 to 6, said agent having a calcium binding power of at least 50 mg of CaO per gram, said agent being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time until the water has a hardness of not more than 70 mg CaO/liter, then adding other soluble washing and cleaning compounds to said softened tap water and washing said solid materials while continuing the recycling of the wash solution through said silicate cation exchange compound.

Abstract: An improvement in the machine washing of solid soiled materials comprising withdrawing and recycling the tap water in contact with said solid soiled materials through a water-insoluble cation exchange polymer in particulate state having a swelled average particle diameter in excess of 20 .mu. and having a calcium binding power of at least 2 mVal per gram, said polymers being maintained out of contact with said solid soiled materials, for such time until the water has a hardness of not more than 70 mg CaO/liter, then adding other soluble washing and cleaning compounds to said softened tap water and washing said solid materials while continuing the recycling of the wash solution through said cation exchange polymer.

Abstract: An improvement in the process for the production of powdery washing and cleansing agent compositions containing finely-divided water-insoluble silicate compounds, capable of binding calcium, soap, and, optionally, other surface-active compounds, builders and other customary detergent additives by spray-drying a slurry and recovering said powdery washing and cleansing agent composition which comprises separately spray-drying a slurry rich in said silicate compounds and combining the spray-dried powders with the remaining ingredients in powdery form; as well as the powdery washing and cleansing agents so produced.

Abstract: A method of washing soiled textiles, wherein the soiled textiles are immersed in an aqueous liquor which contains at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation on said soiled textiles and surface-active compounds comprising using finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous active substance and having the formula, combined water not shown(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x . Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 . (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.

Abstract: A method for the mechanical washing of dishes, wherein the soiled dishes are treated with an aqueous alkaline liquor having a pH of from 8 to 13 which contains at least one compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation, rinsing and recovering cleaned dishes comprising using finely-dispersed, water-insoluble silicate compounds having a calcium-binding power of at least 50 mg CaO/gm of anhydrous substance and having the formula, combined water not shown, of(M.sub.2/n O).sub.x .multidot. Me.sub.2 O.sub.3 .multidot. (SiO.sub.2).sub.ywhere M is a cation of the valence n, exchangeable with calcium, x is a number of from 0.7 to 1.5, Me is a member selected from aluminum and boron and y is a number of from 0.8 to 6, as said compound inhibiting alkaline earth metal ion precipitation as well as alkaline-reacting mechanical dish washing compositions containing said silicate compounds.