Abstract: The demands on the properties of pigments, in particular in the areas of emulsion paints and printing inks, which are continuously becoming more specific made it necessary to develop selective and environmentally safe dispersing and emulsifying agents and coupling auxiliaries.The compounds according to the invention are alkoxylation products prepared from fatty amine dialkylenediamines which, if desired, are linked to give recurring structural units by means of esterification with dicarboxylic acids and in which, preferably, the hydroxyl end groups of these fatty amine alkylenediamine alkoxylates have been esterified with fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids and any hydroxyl groups still present have been converted to the corresponding mono-ester-containing anionic radicals by means of dicarboxylic acids and sulfites.

Abstract: The demands on the properties of pigments, in particular in the fields of emulsion paints and printing inks, which constantly become more specific have made it necessary to develop selective and environmentally friendly dispersing, emulsifying and coupling auxiliaries.The compounds according to the invention are esterification and/or arylation products prepared from natural or modified castor oil or ricinoleic acids, which products are alkoxylated and, if desired, linked by esterification with dicarboxylic acids to give recurring structural units. If desired, the terminal hydroxyl groups of these modified alkoxylates of castor oil fatty substances have been esterified with fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids and any free hydroxyl groups which may be present have preferably been reacted with dicarboxylic acids and sulfite to give the corresponding monoesters containing anionic radicals.

Abstract: According to the invention, oxyalkylates of aliphatic or cyclic, primarily primary diamines or polyamines, or block polymers (having recurring structural units of the abovementioned oxyalkylate type) produced by prior linking of such oxyalkylates with dicarboxylic acids, are converted into novel substances which are suitable for a very wide variety of areas of application in the field of interface-active agents and can be employed, for example, in the preparation of azo pigments to improve the coloristic properties, by esterification of the terminal hydroxyl group in these aminoxyalkylates using fatty acids or aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids, and, if appropriate, subsequent reaction of free hydroxyl groups which are still present with dicarboxylic acids and sulfite to form the corresponding monoester (containing anionic radicals).

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of nitrogen-containing surface-active agents which are obtained by esterification of oxyalkylates based on modified or nonmodified naturally occurring resin acids or resin amines or resin alcohols derived therefrom with dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides thereof and subsequent reaction with alkylenediamines or alkylenepolyamines. These nitrogen-containing surface-active agents are suitable as coupling auxiliaries, emulsifiers, dispersing agents, preparation agents for solids dispersions, corrosion protection and metal-working agents and as wetting agents and dyeing auxiliaries.

Abstract: The ever increasing demands on dispersants, emulsifiers and formulation aids, in particular in the preparation of azo dyes and pigments and in the preparation of dye and pigment dispersions, made it necessary to develop novel surface-active compounds.According to the invention, it has been possible by esterification of hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylic acids (on the carboxyl) with fatty alcohols or preferably with alkoxylates of fatty acids, resin acids or alkylphenols, condensation of the resulting esterification products with aldehydes to give novolak resins with subsequent alkoxylation and esterification of terminal OH groups with resin acids, fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and hydroxylcarboxylic acids with or without reaction with phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride and sulfite to develop novel polyfunctional surfactant structures which are very highly suitable for a wide range of applications in dispersion and emulsification, in particular in the preparation and formulation of azo pigments.

Abstract: The invention relates to surface-active compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which Ar is an aromatic system which is optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkanoyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl)-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, A has the formula --(X--O).sub.n --Y, wherein n denotes 1 to 50, X denotes ethylene or methylethylene and all or some of Y denote an acyl radical of a non-modified or modified natural resin acid and the other radicals Y denote radicals from the group comprising hydrogen, acyl radicals of saturated C.sub.1-24 -carboxylic acids, unsaturated C.sub.3-24 -carboxylic acids, C.sub.2-24 -hydroxy-fatty acids or C.sub.8-18 -alkyl-, -alkenyl- and -alkylidene-succinic acids, maleic acid, fumaric acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfuric acid, benzodicarboxylic acids and C.sub.1-16 -n-alkanedicarboxylic acids, W is a group --CHR-- or --CHR--N(R*)--T--N(R*)--CHR--, wherein R*is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.

Abstract: A compound of the formulaA[(Y-O).sub.x - Y - Z].sub.min which A is the radical of an arylated fatty alcohol, Y are identical or different groups of the formulae--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--,Z are identical or different radicals of the formulae --OH, --O--CO--CH.dbd.CH--COOM and --O--CO--CH.sub.2 --CH(SO.sub.3 M)--COOM,in whichM is a cation,x is an integer from 1 to 150, andm is a number from 1 to 7.

Abstract: The ever increasing demands on dispersants, emulsifiers and formulation aids, in particular in the preparation of azo dyes and pigments and in the preparation of dye and pigment dispersions, made it necessary to develop novel surface-active compounds.According to the invention, it has been possible by esterification of hydroxynaphthalenecarboxylic acids (on the carboxyl) with fatty alcohols or preferably with alkoxylates of fatty acids, resin acids or alkylphenols, condensation of the resulting esterification products with aldehydes to give novolak resins with subsequent alkoxylation and esterification of terminal OH groups with resin acids, fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids with or without reaction with phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride and sulfite to develop novel polyfunctional surfactant structures which are very highly suitable for a wide range of applications in dispersion and emulsification, in particular in the preparation and formulation of azo pigments.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing condensation products based on unmodified or modified natural resins, process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof.The invention relates to surface-active agents of the general formulaA--[(X--O).sub.n --Y--Z].sub.min which A is a radical of an unmodified or modified natural resin or esterification product thereof with a polyhydric alcohol, X is 1,2-ethylene or -propylene, Y is as defined for X or is --CH.sub.2 CHOHCH.sub.2 --, Z is OH or (Ia)(--NH--Q).sub.a --NR--(Q--NH--).sub.b H (Ia)in which R is H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 --alkyl or (--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.p --H, with p being 1 to 100, or (--Q--NH).sub.c --H, Q is C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 ---alkylene which can be interrupted by oxygen atoms, a is 0-5 and c is 0-5,at least one Z being other than OH,n is 0 to 150 andm is 1 to 5.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaA[(Y--O).sub.x --Y--Z].sub.min which A is the radical of an oxaryl-modified (modified with an aryl group containing a hydroxyl group) fatty alcohol, i.e., the radical of an arylated fatty alcohol, or is the radical of an oxaryl-modified (again, modified with an aryl group containing a hydroxyl group) fatty acid or esterification product thereof, i.e., the radical of an arylated fatty acid or esterification product thereof, Y denotes identical or different groups of the formula--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--,Z denotes identical or different radicals of the formulae --OH, --O--CO--CH.dbd.CH--COOM and --O--CO--CH.sub.2 --CH(SO.sub.3 M)--COOM, in whichM is a cation,x is an integer of from 1 to 150 andm is a number of from 1 to 7,are suitable as interfacially active agents, in particular as dispersing agents, wetting agents, emulsifiers and dyeing auxiliaries.

Abstract: Watersoluble oxalkylated novolaks of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or R.sup.1, X is ethylene or propylene, m is 6 to 100 and n is 1 to 12, are preparation agents for disperse dyestuffs. Disperse dystuff preparations containing these compounds have a stable and uniform distribution of the dyestuff particles, even with high dyestuff concentrations, and show good dyeing properties, low or no foam in dyebaths and useful viscosities in printing pastes.

Abstract: Solid, pulverulent dyestuff compositions of fiber-reactive dyestuffs, which compositions contain a condensation product formed from a dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic acid or a mixture of two or more dialkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids and formaldehyde, as an auxiliary intended to ensure the solubility of the dyestuffs in salt-containing and alkaline aqueous padding liquors.

Abstract: The invention relates to novolak oxyalkylate mixed esters which, on the one hand, contain benzoyl and/or naphthoyl radicals and, on the other hand, contain maleic acid and/or sulfosuccinic acid half-ester groups. They are obtained by reacting novolak oxyalkylates with benzoic acid and/or naphthoic acid or with its anhydride or chloride on the one hand and maleic anhydride on the other hand and, if appropriate, reacting the maleic acid half-ester groups with sulfites to give sulfosuccinic acid half-ester groups. These compounds are highly suitable for use as dispersing agents for the preparation of low-foam dispersions of pigments, dyestuffs and other agents and as emulsifying, leveling and dyeing auxiliaries.

Abstract: Condensation products, which can be obtained by a reaction of naphthols and alkanals, addition of alkylene oxides and more or less complete conversion of terminal hydroxy groups into sulfo groups or half-esters of maleic acid, phthalic acid or sulfosuccinic acid, are suitable for use as surface-active agents, in particular as coupling auxiliaries in the preparation of azo pigments and also as dispersing agents in the preparation of colorant dispersions and as wetting, emulsifying, leveling or dyeing auxiliaries.

Abstract: Oxalkylates of chemically modified natural rosin acids are useful for dyestuff preparations, especially for dispersions of disperse dyestuffs. The liquid and solid dyestuff preparations containing these oxalkylates are stable to storing even with high dyestuff concentrations, easily redispersible while developing little foam and easily biodegradable.

Abstract: Compounds of the invention are obtained by oxyalkylating natural rosin acids, disproportionated rosin acids or rosin acids modified with aromatic hydroxy compounds or with cycloalkyl and especially aralkyl and aryl compounds capable of splitting off halogen, and the esterification products thereof with polyols, and furthermore by oxalkylating rosin alcohols, rosin maleinates and/or mixtures of the above-mentioned rosin substances with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide; reacting the alkylene oxide addition products thus obtained with maleic acid anhydride; and then adding alkali metal sulfite or alkaline earth metal sulfites or hydrogen sulfites to the maleic acid semiesters. These compounds are useful as interface-active agents, especially as dispersing agents for the fine division and stabilization of solids, and as wetting, emulsifying, levelling and dyeing auxiliaries.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaA[(X--O).sub.n --H].sub.mwhereinA is a cycloalkyl-, aralkyl- or aryl-modified rosin acid radical or a radical of an ester of a polyhydric alcohol with such an acid,X stands for the same or different group or groups of the formulae--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --and--CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--,n is a number of 1 to 100 andm is an integer of 1 to 5are surface- and interface-active agents, especially dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents and dyeing adjuvants.

Abstract: Watersoluble condensation products of mono- or di-alkyl naphthalene sulfonic acids and formaldehyde are dispersants for dyestuffs, pigments and optical brighteners, which do not soil textiles and give highly fluid dispersions. The dispersions are stable to heat and storing.

Abstract: A sulfosuccinic acid semi-ester of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is a group of the formula ##STR2## B is a hydrogen atom and/or a group of the meaning given for A, X is an ethylene or propylene group, R is a saturated alkyl radical having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms, Me is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom or an equivalent of an alkaline earth metal atom, n is an integer from 2-25 and z is an integer from 1-9.These sulfosuccinic acid semi-esters are prepared by oxethylating multinuclear alkyl phenols, reacting the oxethylates so obtained with maleic acid anhydride to the maleic acid semi-esters and adding to these semi-esters alkali metal or alkaline earth metal sulfites. Because of their slight tendency to foaming and their poor inherent colour they are excellent dispersing agents for the preparation of highly pigmented pigment preparations of good flow properties which are used in aqueous flexo prints.

Abstract: Dispersions of pigments, disperse- or vat-dyestuffs, wherein the dispersing agent is formed either by cocondensation of a phenolic component, formaldehyde and an alkali metal sulfite or of a sulfonated phenolic component and formaldehyde. These dispersions are characterized in that the dispersing agent used shows an improved dispersing effect. Furthermore, they can also be used when being neutralized for the dispersing alkali sensitive dyestuffs and they show no tendency to soil the fabrics so that also clean shades may be dyed.