Abstract: Heat is transferred in a thermodynamic system with a heat transfer medium which is at least one fluid of formula I and/or II, ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is ethyl or hydrogen, R.sub.2 is ethyl, R.sub.3 is methyl and R.sub.4 is a benzyl radical.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of cyclooligomerization of 3-hydroxy-1-alkynes having 4-20 C atoms, particularly cyclooligomerization of 3-methyl-1-butyne-3-ol to yield 1,3,5-tris(.alpha.-hydroxyisopropyl)-benzene, with the aid of nickel-containing catalysts formed from a nickel compound, a phosphite of an ortho-substituted phenol, and an organoaluminum compound of formulaA1R.sub.(3-n) X.sub.s,whereR represents alkyl,X represents hydrogen or chlorine, andn=0 or 1,or an alkyllithium or alkylmagnesium compound, in the presence ofan aprotic diluent,(optionally) an unconjugated diene, and(optionally) a portion of the given 3-hydroxy-1-alkyne being oligomerized.

Abstract: New polyethers based on tetrahydrofuran, with good lubricant properties. The invention concerns polyethers produced by copolymerizing tetrahydrofuran and glycidyl ether in the presence of alkanols. The new polyethers are useful as lubricants.

Abstract: Deactivated hydrogenation catalysts of ruthenium metal deposited on an aluminum oxide support are regenerated by treatment with ultrasound.

Abstract: Liquid dehalogenating agents containing (a) 30 to 70% by weight of an alkali metal alcoholate having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; (b) up to 12% by weight of an alcohol having 6 to 20 carbon atoms; (c) 5 to 40% by weight of a polyether; and (d) 10 to 65% by weight of a halogenfree hydrocarbon oil are efficient for the dehalogenation of waste oil while at the same time exhibiting improved resistance to hydrolysis and oxidation. In addition the present dehalogenating agents are homogeneous, stable for storage at room temperature, pumpable, and readily measurable, and they may be used in unheated pipes and pumps without causing deposits or plugging.

Abstract: Dihydromyrcenol is prepared from dihydromyrcenyl chloride by hydrolyzing dihydromyrcenyl chloride in an aqueous medium containing a base and a phase transfer catalyst in an amount of 0.001-10 mol %, based on the amount of dihydromyrcenyl chloride.

Abstract: Useful for the stabilization of polymers, especially polypropylene and polyethylene are esters of 3-tert-butyl or 3-tert-butyl-5-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl(alkane) carboxylic acids with oxethylates of bis-(4- or 2-hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, oxides, sulfides or sulfones, with oxethylates of tris-(4-hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, or with oxethylates of 1,3,5-tris-(4-hydroxyphenyl isopropylidene) aryls, the oxethylate preferably comprising a hydroxyethoxy group substituted for each hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Esters of 3-tert-butyl- and 3-tert-butyl-5-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl (alkane) carboxylic acids with oxyethylates of polythiols are useful as stabilizers for polymers, especially for polyethylene and polypropylene.

Abstract: Esters of 3-tert-butyl- and 3-tert-butyl-5-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl(alkane) carboxylic acids of Formula I ##STR1## with oxethylates of polyhydroxyaromatics of 2-6 hydroxy groups of general Formulae II and III, containing 1-6 oxethylate units, ##STR2## with X=(CH.sub.2).sub.q OHX'=(CH.sub.2).sub.r OHwherein q, r, s can be 0 or 1, preferably 0,X"=(CH.sub.2).sub.s OHR,R', R"=H, alkyl, halogen, ##STR3## preferably 4-hydroxyphenyl, n=2 to 6 for z or z'=0, preferably 2 or 3, andn=1 to 5 for z or z'.noteq.0, preferably 2 or 3,o+p=n0.ltoreq.a, z.ltoreq.a+z.ltoreq.6-n (in Formula II)0.ltoreq.b, c, z'.ltoreq.4.ltoreq.8-n (in Formula III).are useful for the stabilization of polymers.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the orthomethylation of phenols having at least one free ortho position, wherein the phenols are reacted with methanol in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to 1:10 at about 270.degree.-340.degree. C. in the gaseous phase under a pressure of about 1-4 bar absolute and with rates per unit volume (LHSV) of about 0.05-3 h.sup.-1 in the presence of an iron oxide catalyst. This catalyst consists essentially of (a) iron oxide, (b) molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide and (c) one or several oxides of the elements magnesium, calcium, barium, lanthanum, cerium or manganese in a metal-atomic ratio of about (a):(b):(c):of 100:0.2-10:0.2-10.

Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing lactams having 8 to 15 carbon atoms by the Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding oximes in a solution of an organic solvent by means of 0.5 to 10% by weight referred to the oxime of an acid derivative acting as a catalyst. The anhydrides of organic sulfonic acids or of sulfuric acid half esters or mixed anhydrides of organic sulfonic acid and anhydrides of sulfuric acid half esters are used as the catalysts.

Abstract: A process and catalyst for the orthomethylation of phenols having at least one free ortho position, wherein the phenols are reacted with methanol in a molar ratio of about 1:1 to 1:10 at about 250.degree.-340.degree. C. in the gaseous phase under a pressure of about 1-4 bar absolute and with rates per unit volume (LHSV) of about 0.05-3 h.sup.-1 in the presence of an iron oxide catalyst. This catalyst consists essentially of (a) iron oxide, (b) molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide (c) one or several oxides of the elementsmagnesium, calcium, barium, lanthanum, cerium or manganese in a metal-atomic ratio of about (a):(b):(c): of 100:0.2- 10:0.2- 10.