Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions related to treating or preventing seizures. In some aspects, provided herein are methods of treating or preventing seizures in a subject by administering to the subject a composition comprising Parabacteroides and Akkermansia bacteria.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for promoting healthy neural development in an unborn baby, which include administering to a maternal subject gestating the unborn baby a composition or a bacterial composition. Compositions can include trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), 5-aminovalerate (5-AV), imidazole propionate (IP), hippurate (HIP), or a combination thereof, and the bacterial compositions can include bacteria of the order Clostridiales. Also disclosed are methods for conditioning a female subject for bringing about offspring with healthy neural development. Additionally disclosed are methods for reducing adverse effects of antibiotic treatment on an unborn baby in a pregnant subject. Also disclosed are methods for selecting a female subject for conditioning to foster healthy neural development in offspring.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions related to treating or preventing seizures. In some aspects, provided herein are methods of treating or preventing seizures in a subject by administering to the subject a composition comprising Parabacteroides and Akkermansia bacteria.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for selecting a subject with a disease or disorder for treatment, as well as methods of treating the subject, determining the efficacy of the treatment, and adjusting the treatment dosage and frequency.