Abstract: Personal care formulation is provided having multistage polymer, comprising: acrylate rich stage comprising: (a) structural units of monomer selected from C1-22 alkyl (meth)acrylates and structural units of first carbosiloxane monomer of formula (I); and (b) carbosiloxane rich stage, comprising: structural units of second carbosiloxane monomer of formula (I); wherein a is 0 to 3; wherein d is 0 or 1; wherein R1 is selected from hydrogen, C1-10 alkyl group and aryl group; wherein R2 is selected from hydrogen and C1-10 alkyl group; wherein R8 is —O—Si(CH3)3 group; wherein Y is selected from formula (II), (III) and (IV); wherein R4 and R6 are selected from hydrogen and methyl group; wherein R3 and R5 are C1-10 alkylene group; wherein R7 is C1-10 alkyl group; wherein b is 0 to 4 and wherein c is 0 or 1; and wherein the first and second carbosiloxane monomer of formula (I) are same or different.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses methods for determining the likelihood that benign hyperplastic breast tissue or normal breast tissue adjacent to carcinoma tissue will become malignant. The methods comprise substantially isolating the tissue; and determining loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p24 in the tissue. LOH at chromosome 3p24 is a prognostic indicator that the tissue may become malignant.

Abstract: The present invention encompasses methods for determining the likelihood that benign hyperplastic breast tissue or normal breast tissue adjacent to carcinoma tissue will become malignant. The methods comprise substantially isolating the tissue; and determining loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 3p24 in the tissue. LOH at chromosome 3p24 is a prognostic indicator that the tissue may become malignant.

Abstract: New methods are disclosed for detecting cancer associated genes, and obtaining corresponding cDNA fragments. The methods involve supplying RNA preparations from control cells, and from a plurality of different cancer cells that share a duplicated or deleted gene in the same region of a chromosome. Amplified cDNA copies are displayed, and then selected based on differences in abundance of RNA between preparations. Optional additional screening steps involve surveying panels of cancer cells using the cDNA for RNA overabundance with or without gene duplication. By applying these methods, cDNA sequences derived from four novel genes associated with breast cancer were obtained and characterized. Each of the genes was duplicated in about 60% of the cancer cell lines tested; while other cells showed RNA overabundance without gene duplication. Genes with these properties are particularly useful in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract: An assay for determining the sensitivity of an individual patient tumor to particular chemotherapeutic drugs relies on growth of the neoplastic tumor cells in a mass culture. The mass culture medium provides metabolites essential for the growth of the cells, even in the presence of the particular drug being tested, which is usually an anti-metabolic drug. The mass culture of cells is exposed to a labelled analog of the drug, and the uptake of the labelled drug analog determined. By comparing the amount of the drug uptake by the neoplastic cells with that of the corresponding normal cells, drug sensitivity may be assessed. The method is particularly useful with fluorescently-labelled drugs where the uptake may be assessed by use of a fluorescence activated cell sorter.

Abstract: As assay for determining the sensitivity of an individual patient tumor to particular chemotherapeutic drugs relies on growth of the neoplastic tumor cells in a mass culture. The mass culture medium provides metabolites essential for the growth of the cells, even in the presence of the particular drug being tested, which is usually an anti-metabolic drug. The mass culture of cells is exposed to a labelled analog of the drug, and the uptake of the labelled drug analog determined. By comparing the amount of the drug uptake by the neoplastic cells with that of the corresponding normal cells, drug sensitivity may be assessed. The method is particularly useful with fluorescently-labelled drugs where the uptake may be assessed by use of a fluorescence activated cell sorter.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for isolating and culturing human mammary epithelial cells of both normal and malignant origin. Tissue samples are digested with a mixture including the enzymes collagenase and hyaluronidase to produce clumps of cells substantially free from stroma and other undesired cellular material. Growing the clumps of cells in mass culture in an enriched medium containing particular growth factors allows for active cell proliferation and subculture. Clonal culture having plating efficiencies of up to 40% or greater may be obtained using individual cells derived from the mass culture by plating the cells on appropriate substrates in the enriched media. The clonal growth of cells so obtained is suitable for a quantitative assessment of the cytotoxicity of particular treatment. An exemplary assay for assessing the cytotoxicity of the drug adriamycin is presented.