Abstract: A method performed by battery charger configured to charge a vehicle battery, the method comprising charging the vehicle battery until a first measured voltage over the battery exceeds a first voltage threshold, halting charging for a third time period, measuring a second voltage over the battery at the end of the third time period, determining a battery type using a differential voltage, by calculating a difference of the first voltage threshold and the second voltage, and a set of predetermined conditions, wherein the predetermined conditions comprise: battery ? type = { U diff > U Pb ? lead - acid ? battery ? type U diff < U Li ? lithium ? battery ? type U Pb > U diff < U Li ? unknown ? battery ? type

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method performed by a battery monitoring unit configured for estimating a battery discharging current of a battery comprising the steps obtaining a state-of-charge value indicative of a ratio between a current capacity and a maximum capacity of the battery, obtaining sensor data indicative of a first plurality of battery voltage values obtained at multiple subsequent points in time, determining a first voltage trend over time of the first plurality of battery voltage values, estimating a battery discharging current of the battery based on a relation, where the relation is dependent on the first voltage trend over time and the state-of-charge value.

Abstract: A method performed by battery charger configured to charge a vehicle battery the method comprising charging the vehicle battery until a first measured voltage over the battery exceeds a first voltage threshold, halting charging for a third time period, measuring a second voltage over the battery at the end of the third time period, determining a battery type using a differential voltage, by calculating a difference of the first voltage threshold and the second voltage, and a set of predetermined conditions, wherein the predetermined conditions comprise: battery ? ? type = { U diff > U Pd ? lead ? - ? acid ? ? battery ? ? type U diff < U Li ? lithium ? ? battery ? ? type U Pd > U diff < U Li ? unknown ? ? battery ? ? type

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for calculating a total state-of-charge of a battery, wherein the method comprises wherein the method comprises calculating the total state-of-charge as a coulomb counting state-of-charge, upon determining that the battery is charging. Determining an off period, which is the time period that the battery has not received charge, upon determining that the battery is no longer charging. calculating the total state-of-charge as a constant state of charge being equal to the coulomb counting state-of-charge, upon determining that the off period is shorter than a first time interval Calculating the state-of-charge as a function of the constant state-of-charge and an open circuit voltage state-of-charge determined by means of the voltage across the poles of the battery, upon determining that the off period is shorter than a second time interval, and that the off period is longer than the first time interval.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method performed by a battery monitoring unit configured for estimating a battery discharging current of a battery comprising the steps obtaining a state-of-charge value indicative of a ratio between a current capacity and a maximum capacity of the battery, obtaining sensor data indicative of a first plurality of battery voltage values obtained at multiple subsequent points in time, determining a first voltage trend over time of the first plurality of battery voltage values, estimating a battery discharging current of the battery based on a relation, where the relation is dependent on the first voltage trend over time and the state-of-charge value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a system for calculating a total state-of-charge of a battery, wherein the method comprises wherein the method comprises calculating the total state-of-charge as a coulomb counting state-of-charge, upon determining that the battery is charging. Determining an off period, which is the time period that the battery has not received charge, upon determining that the battery is no longer charging. calculating the total state-of-charge as a constant state of charge being equal to the coulomb counting state-of-charge, upon determining that the off period is shorter than a first time interval Calculating the state-of-charge as a function of the constant state-of-charge and an open circuit voltage state-of-charge determined by means of the voltage across the poles of the battery, upon determining that the off period is shorter than a second time interval, and that the off period is longer than the first time interval.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming packaging material into a tubular form includes angularly disposed forming rollers for causing the longitudinal edges of the packaging material to overlap one another so that they can be sealed together. To prevent the packaging material tube from being trapped between adjacent rollers, each of the forming rollers can be provided with one straight roller edge and one chamfered roller edge. The rollers are positioned such that the chamfered roller edge of one forming roller cooperates with the straight roller edge of the adjacent roller, thereby defining a nip directed generally tangentially to an adjacent portion of the packaging material tube. Alternatively, to achieve the same objective, two different types of forming rollers can be employed, one type in which both roller edges are straight and another type in which both roller edges are chamfered. In this latter case, the two types of rollers are alternated with one another.

Abstract: A chamber for treatment of a moving material web with an air flow for purposes of drying the web, the chamber including an inlet and an outlet for the flow of air, an inlet and outlet for the material web and a baffle plate disposed over the air outlet at an angle in relation to the path of travel of the web through the chamber.

Abstract: An arrangement for the separation of particles from a gas stream is provided with a helical guiding element and a collar having drop-forming elements. Consequently, on the one hand a strongly rotating movement is imparted to the air at a relatively low flow resistance, on the other hand it is processed by the drop-forming elements of the collar, which results in high capacity as well as effective separation.

Abstract: The presterilization of packaging machines for the manufacture of aseptic packing containers can be carried out with the help of sterile air and liquid sterilizing agent, which are blended so that a gas saturated with sterilizing agent of a suitable temperature and dew point is obtained. In order to achieve a rapid and effective volatilization of the liquid a circulating movement is imparted to the hot sterile air as the sterile liquid is introduced into the center of the circulating movement. An apparatus using this method comprises a chamber with a helical guide rail and a spray nozzle for the sterilizing liquid.