Abstract: The invention refers to a device for investigating highly resolved partial spectra of an echelle spectrum, being applicable to the simultaneous determination of the intensities of different spectral elements of a radiation spectrum produced by an echelle spectrometer.

Abstract: A driving method and system for controlling the operating characteristics of a tubular-bag machine, in which a tubular bag is closed off at the bottom end so as to be fillable with packing material through a fill pipe. An intermittently moved thin foil tube is for this purpose guided vertically between transversely arranged, heated sealing jaws, the opening and closing of which being camcontrolled. The foil movement is adjusted to the opening and closing movement. The drive for effecting the foil movement and the drive for effecting the sealing, separating and welding device are driven by separate motors controlled independently from one another, and are adjusted to one another such that each angular-speed stage can be adjusted independently from the preceding or following stage to the demands of the work cycle at any time during the work cycle. The magnitude of the angular speed can be adjusted as well.

Abstract: An adjustable Echelle spectrometer arrangement which can be used in single- and multi-element analysis by the emission or absorption of optical radiation. To compensate all the manufacturing and setup errors, the only arrangements present are those to change the height of the entry slit arrangement above the base plate and to rotate the dispersion prism about a first axis, approximately parallel to its roof edge, and about a second axis, that is vertical thereto. This compensates for the effect of errors associated with component and setup parameters which results from greater tolerances, without impairing mechanical and thermal stability and imaging quality.

Abstract: In a magnetic field sensor comprising at least one magnetic-field-dependent resistor disposed in the vicinity of an outer side of a housing that is open on at least one side and further comprising a permanent magnet that is adjacent to said magnetic-field-dependent resistor, the magnetic-field-dependent resistor(s) (6), arranged on a support (4), are in a contacting relationship with the inside of a detector side wall (2) of the housing (1), and the thickness (x) of said detector side wall (2) is, at least in the area of the active surface of the magnetic-field-dependent resistors (6), smaller than that of the other housing walls (17, 18, 19) and/or the housing base (20). A rugged, high-resolution magnetic field sensor is thus obtained.

Abstract: A magnetic field detector has a sensor arrangement which is disposed in a housing and includes a plurality of stripe-magnetic-field-dependent resistors arranged on the underside of a dielectric support. A permanent magnet is oriented perpendicularly to the upper side of the support and to the magnetic-field-dependent resistors. In one embodiment, the sensor arrangement is located approximately in the center of the housing and a plurality of electrical contact means are attached on both sides of the permanent magnet and adjacent thereto within the housing. In another embodiment, the sensor arrangement is located laterally from the center of the housing and the electrical contact means are attached within the housing and adjacent to only one side of the magnet.

Abstract: An apparatus for the positioning of ends of flexible light-conducting elements with the object of attaining a high position reproducibility of the fiber ends in an effective large-scale production technique, having the object of developing a technical solution so that it can be manufactured with a production technology in accordance with the accuracy requirements, so that a multitude of light-conducting fibers having defined positions are exactly fixedly correlated to defined positions. According to the invention, there are provided to one another essentially parallel thin surface elements which are secured at a distance and form an element package which is divided into two adjacent areas and within each one of the two areas there is provided at least an approximately equal distribution of pierced openings for the light-conducting elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement and method for multielement analyse of chemical elements in which light cables are used to transmit spectral lines or bands produced by an optical dispersion means from a sample material radiation to an array of photodetectors. The light cable end-portions are inserted as many as required for a definite analyzing program into holes of a plug-in unit and are associated via a mask to definite photodetectors. The plug-in unit is displaceable relative to the mask so that the spectral informations from definite light cables associated to definite spectral lines or bands are evaluated in groups which require similar or equal excitation conditions. The latter are adjustable by respective means.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical system for spectral analysis devices particularly for use in atomic emission spectroscopy in which the aberrations, astigmatis and coma are compensated separately, comprising two concave spherical reflectors adjacently arranged and having their vertices equidistantly located relative to a center of a dispersing member. The latter has a dispersion plane at right angles to the dispersing structure of the dispersing member and to its surface, the vertices are located in said dispersion plane. The center beams originating from an excitation light source are reflected at the reflectors in reflection planes which are at right angles to the dispersion plane. The light entrance of the optical system comprises two slits the images of which coincide in a focal plane. The center of the focal plane and the light entrance have a same distance to the dispersion plane and are located on different sides of the latter.

Abstract: A sensor for use in testing the effect on materials of irradiation and weathering uses solar cells (10) to provide power and uses a transmitter (3) to continuously read out its measurements without interrupting the testing process. The sensor features a number of receptor cells (2) for various spectral ranges and a temperature sensor (17), whose measurements are multiplexed and transmitted under the control of a control logic 18. The receptor cells (2), the photo cells (10) and the electronics (16) are all contained in a preferably cylindrical quartz glass tube (4). The self-contained nature of the sensor and the continuous, immediate read-out of measurements eliminate external wiring requirements and speed up the testing process.

Abstract: To permit, selectively, illumination of an operating-room field for depth illumination in a path of radiation which may differ from field illumination, a ring-shaped full reflector (3) is located in a reflective position with respect to a light source (1, 2), and, in advance of the main, fully reflective mirror, a mirror system is located which has apertures which can be selectively covered or uncovered with a further mirror element (6, 13, 19) so that the amount of light passing through the apertures of the second mirror system through the first mirror system can be varied, and the path of light controlled in accordance with the relative position of the mirror systems, while the intensity of light reflected by the respective mirror systems is controlled by the positioning of the movable element of the second mirror system with respect to the fixed one.

Abstract: A light and weather resistance testing apparatus (9) is provided with a sensor (1) located in the plane of the testing samples (14). The sensor (1) uses a transmitter (4) for wireless transmission of signals representing radiation received to an antenna (3) disposed on the wall (8) of the apparatus housing. The sensor (1) has multiple receptor cells (6) for various spectral ranges. The sensor (1) is powered by solar cells (7) located on the sensor housing. A plotter and display unit (13) can be connected to the apparatus for read-out of irradiance and irradiation. The wireless transmission of data from sensors to the display unit permits continuous measurement during rotation of samples and sensor.

Abstract: Apparatus for drilling geological formations includes a hydraulic motor through which a high pressure fluid is delivered to plural nozzles which define material cutting jets. A portion of the fluid supplied to the motor is diverted and employed to generate a torque which causes the rotation of the rotor of the motor, which is mechanically connected to the drill head which includes the cutting jet defining nozzles, about the motor stator. The apparatus is connected to a source of pressurized fluid and thrust nozzles may be employed to position of the motor and associated drill during the boring operation.

Abstract: Apparatus for drilling geological formations includes a hydraulic motor through which a high pressure fluid is delivered to plural nozzles which define material cutting jets. A portion of the fluid supplied to the motor is diverted and employed to generate a torque which causes the rotation of the rotor of the motor which is mechanically connected to the drill head which includes the cutting jet defining nozzles. The apparatus is connected, typically by means of a hose, to a source of pressurized fluid and thrust nozzles maintain the correct position of the motor and associated drill during the boring operation.

Abstract: To measure contact resistance between a probe and a terminal sample, and to insure gentle engagement of the probe on the sample, a scale beam is used which has an adjustable engagement weight, and which is lowered under control of a cam disk with an interposed magnetic system in which two magnets of equal polarity are placed adjacent each other so that, due to the repelling force of the two magnets, jolt-free, vibration-free engagement is possible, providing in effect a magnetic buffer. Preferably, the probe is a test wheel which, upon lowering from a raised position, can be disengaged from the drive motor which, when the test probe is off the sample terminal, rotates the wheel so that a fresh wheel surface is available for subsequent measurement. Engagement force can be controlled by suitable positioning of a counter weight, for example by a servo motor.

Abstract: An object extends into a passage and defines a clearance space with the inner wall of the passage. A hardenable, foamable synthetic resin in flowable state is admitted into the clearance space. Upon hardening and foaming of the synthetic resin, the object is sealingly secured in the passage by the synthetic resin. In a preferred application, the passage is one provided in a coal mine and the object is a hose line for the purpose of suppressing dust. The synthetic resin is advantageously polyurethane including a polyhydroxyl component which contains a polyetherglycol having a hydroxyl number of 300 to 350 and a polyetherglycol having a hydroxyl number of 450 to 500. The polyetherglycol components respectively constitute 80 to 90 parts and 10 to 20 parts of the polyhydroxyl component. The polyhydroxyl component preferably includes a filler in an amount such that the weight of the latter at least equals that of the polyhydroxyl component.