Abstract: A process for depositing optical layers of metal oxides on glass, ceramics or metals, by subjecting the substrate which is to be coated to a purifying pretreatment, purifying the aqueous sol of a metal oxide or a mixture of metal oxides, applying the aqueous sol or sol mixture to the substrate which is to be coated, and heat-treating the coated substrate at temperatures of from 100 to 550° C.

Abstract: The invention is related to a glass-ceramic article decorated with a ceramic baking finish. A SiO.sub.2 layer, about 20-200 nm thick, is placed between the decoration and the glass-ceramic material. The SiO.sub.2 layer can additionally contain, to match the refractive index to the refractive index of the glass-ceramic, up to 66.5 wt. % of oxides which change the refractive index, in particular TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, MgO or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. In the process to produce the decorated glass ceramic article, the SiO.sub.2 layer is preferably produced according to the known sol-gel process. Preferably, an SiO.sub.2 gel layer, optionally precondensed by a brief thermal treatment, is produced on the still-vitreous article. The decoration is applied to this gel layer and afterward the vitreous article is subjected to ceramization. The SiO.sub.2 -gel layer is converted into an SiO.sub.2 layer, and the ceramic color of the decoration is baked-in. The SiO.sub.

Abstract: The invention is related to a glass-ceramic article decorated with a ceramic baking finish. A SiO.sub.2 layer, about 20-200 nm thick, is placed between the decoration and the glass-ceramic material. The SiO.sub.2 layer can additionally contain, to match the refractive index to the refractive index of the glass-ceramic, up to 66.5 wt % of oxides which change the refractive index, in particular TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, SnO.sub.2, MgO or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. In the process to produce the decorated glass ceramic article, the SiO.sub.2 layer is preferably produced according to the known sol-gel process. Preferably, an SiO.sub.2 gel layer, optionally precondensed by a brief thermal treatment, is produced on the still-vitreous article. The decoration is applied to this gel layer and afterward the vitreous article is subjected to ceramization. The SiO.sub.2 -gel layer is converted into an SiO.sub.2 layer, and the ceramic color of the decoration is baked-in. The SiO.sub.

Abstract: A pressure vessel sight glass, especially a tempered glass, is protected against the corrosive attack of normally alkaline, boiler feed water heated up to 300.degree. C., by providing the sight glass with a metallic oxide coating consisting essentially of SnO.sub.2, optionally combined with Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3. The coating is preferably applied as a sprayed solution of soluble salt convertible to the oxide.

Abstract: Optical blanks, for example spectacle lenses, are produced by hot-blank pressing or injection molding of polyorganoheterosiloxanes which are obtainable by hydrolytic polycondensation of at least one titanium-, zirconium-or tin-compound, at least one organofunctional silane and, where applicable, at least one inorganic oxide component. For control of the optical characteristics and working properties, polyorganoheterosiloxanes which have a polymerizable organic radical may be modified by additional polymerization with other copolymerizable condensates or monomers.

Abstract: A process for the production of transparent, electrically conductive, infrared-reflecting indium oxide-tin oxide layers, especially on glass panes, involves steps wherein the glass panes are dipped into a first solution containing a hydrolyzable silicon compound and hydrolyzable compounds of titanium, zirconium, aluminum, tin or tantalum;the glass panes are heated up to 450.degree. C. in a moisture-containing atmosphere;the initially coated panes are dipped into a second solution containing hydrolyzable compounds of indium and of tin;the panes are dried at temperatures below 250.degree. C.; andthe panes are finally heated up to 550.degree. C. in a reducing atmosphere.

Abstract: A dipping process for the production of cadmium stannate layers on a substrate, preferably glass, which comprises:(a) dipping said substrate into an alcoholic solution of a reaction product containing cadmium and tin, said solution consisting essentially of compounds having hydrolyzable and pyrolyzable residues;(b) withdrawing the substrate from said solution in a humid atmosphere; and(c) gradually heating the coated substrate to 650.degree. C., whereby hydrolysis and pyrolysis removes said residues from the coated substrate to form a coated substrate in which the molar ratio Cd:Sn corresponds to that of said alcoholic dipping solution.