Abstract: Various embodiments include a method for continuous operation of an electrolysis cell with a gaseous substrate, the method comprising: supplying an electrolyte to the electrolysis cell via an electrolyte feed; flowing the electrolyte out of the electrolysis cell into the gas space through a gas diffusion electrode; collecting the electrolyte from the electrolyte flow into the gas space in a collecting region in the gas space; and sucking the collected electrolyte out of said gas space via a connection between the gas space and electrolyte feed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a method comprising: atomizing an electropositive metal; combusting the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the resulting combustion products with water, or an aqueous solution, or a suspension of a salt of the metal; separating a resulting mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partly converting energy from the separated constituents. Mixing the combustion products may include: atomizing liquid or gaseous water; or atomizing or nebulizing an aqueous solution or a suspension of a salt of the electropositive metal, into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to power plants. The teachings thereof may be embodied in processes for producing ammonia and energy, e.g., a method for producing ammonia and energy comprising: spraying or atomizing an electropositive metal; burning the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the reacted mixture with water; separating the mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partially converting energy of the solid and liquid constituents and of the gaseous constituents; and separating ammonia from the gaseous constituents. Mixing the reacted mixture may include spraying or atomizing the water or the aqueous solution or the suspension of the hydroxide of the electropositive metal into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to reactions with an electropositive metal. Specific embodiments may include reactions of electropositive metals with a liquid, undergoing at least partial reaction in the liquid, e.g., a method comprising: atomizing or jetting the electropositive metal; introducing the electropositive metal into the liquid below a surface of the liquid; and producing at least partial reaction of the electropositive metal in the liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for burning a reaction gas with an electropositive metal. An method for generating energy may include: supplying a reaction gas and an electropositive metal separately to at least one nozzle; wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, mixtures, and/or alloys thereof; burning the reaction gas with the electropositive metal; and coverting the reaction gas before or during burning at least temporarily into a plasma.

Abstract: A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx?, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx?, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction.

Abstract: A method is provided for combustion of an electropositive metal using a combustion gas. The electropositive metal, in the form of a fluid or powder having particles with a particle size of less than 100 ?m, is drawn out of a container by atomizing a carrier gas in a first nozzle, which tapers in relation to the cross-section in the flow direction of the carrier gas. The electropositive metal is drawn out of the container into the first nozzle, atomized out of said nozzle and combusted using the combustion gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for burning a reaction gas with an electropositive metal. An method for generating energy may include: supplying a reaction gas and an electropositive metal separately to at least one nozzle; wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, mixtures, and/or alloys thereof; burning the reaction gas with the electropositive metal; and coverting the reaction gas before or during burning at least temporarily into a plasma.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to power plants. The teachings thereof may be embodied in processes for producing ammonia and energy, e.g., a method for producing ammonia and energy comprising: spraying or atomizing an electropositive metal; burning the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the reacted mixture with water; separating the mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partially converting energy of the solid and liquid constituents and of the gaseous constituents; and separating ammonia from the gaseous constituents. Mixing the reacted mixture may include spraying or atomizing the water or the aqueous solution or the suspension of the hydroxide of the electropositive metal into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a method comprising: atomizing an electropositive metal; combusting the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the resulting combustion products with water, or an aqueous solution, or a suspension of a salt of the metal; separating a resulting mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partly converting energy from the separated constituents. Mixing the combustion products may include: atomizing liquid or gaseous water; or atomizing or nebulizing an aqueous solution or a suspension of a salt of the electropositive metal, into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: A method is provided for the combustion of an alloy of an electropositive metal using a fuel gas, wherein the electropositive metal may be selected from alkaline-, alkaline earth metals, aluminium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof, and the alloy of the electropositive metal may inlcude at least two electropositive metals. According to the method, the alloy of the electropositive metal is combusted using the fuel gas.

Abstract: A process for preparing metal chloride Mx+Clx?, in which metal carbonate in solid form is reacted with a chlorinating agent selected from chlorine and oxalyl chloride to give metal chloride Mx+Clx?, where the metal M is selected from the group of the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cation, and wherein metal M is additionally added as a reactant to the metal carbonate/chlorinating agent reaction.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a substrate, a first electrode arranged on the substrate, and a functional organic layer arranged on the first electrode. The functional organic layer emits electromagnetic radiation. A second electrode is arranged on the functional organic layer. The functional organic layer includes at least one ionic component and one emitter material having a band gap. The emitter material is selected from the group of ionic transition metal complex, neutral transition metal complex, polymer emitter and combinations thereof. The organic electro-luminescent device is adapted to work in two modes, wherein a pre-biasing mode comprises applying a first voltage being a constant or pulsed value less than and/or equal to the band gap to the first and the second electrode.

Abstract: Described is the use of antibodies which are directed against human cellular membrane antigens for the vaccination against cancer diseases.

Abstract: Magnetically marked objects, in particular biological objects, such as cells, are continuously detected by moving at least one magnetically marked object in a magnetic field, measuring a local change in the magnetic field caused by the magnetically marked object, generating a signal, in particular a digitized signal, based on the measured local change in the magnetic field, conditioning the generated signal by at least one convolution of the generated signal using a mathematical function, and evaluating the conditioned signal. The evaluation of the signal includes determining extreme values, in particular maximum values, of the signal and comparing the determined extreme values with a threshold value, in particular a predefined threshold value, which, if exceeded, indicates detection of the object.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining the flow rate of magnetic or ferromagnetic particles in a suspension that flows through control chambers are provided. The magnetic flux F1 is measured as a function of time t using a measuring coil that surrounds a first control chamber, the magnetic flux representing a measurement, at a particular time, of the quantity of magnetic particles contained in the suspension. In a second control chamber, at a predetermined distance d from the first control chamber, the magnetic flux F2 is measured as a function of time t using a second measuring coil that surrounds the second control chamber and the measurements F1 (t) and F2 (t) are compared to produce a temporal distance ?t which is used together with the predetermined distance d to calculate the flow rate. The method and device can be used, for example, in an ore mining installation.

Abstract: A flow cytometer has a flow chamber in which labeled cells are highly likely to be detected by a corresponding sensor as a medium carrying the magnetically labeled cells flows through the flow chamber. The flow chamber has at least one sensor positioned on an inner surface thereof to detect the cells. The flow chamber also has a magnetic or magnetizable cell guiding device which can be positioned upstream of the sensor in the direction of flow to guide the flowing, magnetically labeled cells directly across the sensor, so that only a small percentage of labeled cells pass outside of the reach of the sensor.

Abstract: Magnetically labeled cells in a flow chamber cytometer are detected by a GMR sensor. The flow chamber includes a cell guiding device having at least one first and one second magnetic or magnetizable flow strip. The flow strips, which serve to guide the flowing cells across the sensor in a target-oriented manner, are mounted at a distance from each other such that a magnetic field BF is produced between them. The GMR sensor is arranged in the region of the magnetic field BF between the flow strips such that the magnetic field BF can be used as the operating magnetic field BGMR of the GMR sensor. In this way, the need for additional magnets for operating the GMR sensor is eliminated.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing a polysaccharide-polypeptide conjugate by reacting a polysaccharide with a polypeptide which contains at least one free amino group, wherein a polysaccharide carrier comprising vicinal hydroxyl groups is oxidized under ring opening to create vicinal aldehyde groups and is reacted with one or more base-instable antigenic polypeptide(s) containing at least one free amino group, the polypeptide(s) being bound directly to the polysaccharide carrier via at least one azomethine bond.

Abstract: Described is the use of antibodies which are directed against human cellular membrane antigens for the vaccination against cancer diseases.