Abstract: Alkyl-(3-chlorophenyl)-sulphones are particularly advantageously obtained by chlorination of alkylphenylsulphones if alkylphenylsulphones are chlorinated in molten form with elemental chlorine in the presence of iron(III) chloride and optionally iodine and/or sulphur.

Abstract: 2,3-dichloro-nitrobenzene can be prepared by nitration of 1,2-dichlorobenzene using an anhydrous mixture of phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid. The conditions according to the invention displace the ratio of 2,3,-dichloro-nitrobenzene and 3,4-dichloro-nitrobenzene in favor of the 2,3-isomer.

Abstract: In the preparation of m-chloroaromatics by isomerizing corresponding o- and/or p-chloroaromatics in the liquid phase over zeolites, the activity of the zeolites remains at a high level for a particularly long time if the process is carried out in the presence of from 1 to 30 mol % of hydrogen, based on the chloroaromatics used.

Abstract: Organic compounds of reduced sulphur content and sulphur-free organic compounds can be prepared from organic mercapto and/or disulphide compounds in a particularly advantageous manner by hydrogenolytic elimination of hydrogen sulphide if the elimination of hydrogen sulphide is carried out in the presence of an organic solvent by means of an aqueous, non-oxidizing, strong acid and elemental iron, aluminium and/or zinc in the presence of catalytic amounts of nickel and/or cobalt.

Abstract: In a particularly advantageous process for isolating m-dichlorobenzene from mixtures of dichlorobenzene isomers by crystallization as eutectic crystals using a processing aid, the processing aid used is a compound of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, hydroxyl, NH.sub.2 or R--CO-- having R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl,with 1-bromo-4-chlorobenzene and 1,4-dibromobenzene being excepted.

Abstract: Mixtures consisting essentially of cyclohexylbiphenyls, dicyclohexylbenzenes, phenylbicyclohexyls and tercyclohexyls are outstandingly suitable as heat transfer media. The mixtures can be prepared from biphenyl and cyclohexanol in the presence of bleaching earths and subsequent hydrogenation.

Abstract: Nitrodiphenyl(thio) ethers in which the nitro group is in the ortho- or para-position with respect to the ether oxygen or ether sulphur can be prepared from halonitrobenzones in which the nitro group is in the ortho- or para-position with respect to the halogen and, alkali metal (thio)phenolates in liquid ammonia, the reaction being carried out under pressure and at a temperature from -30.degree. C. to +140.degree. C. and the ammonia being separated off after the reaction is completed.

Abstract: Alkylaromatics are subjected to nuclear chlorination in the liquid phase in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalyst mixtures comprising compounds of iron and antimony and cocatalysts of the formula (II) ##STR1## wherein the substituents have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: When the halogen content of polyhalogenated aromatics is decreased by reaction with monohalogenated and/or non-halogenated aromatics in the gas phase, good yields and significantly improved catalyst service lives are achieved if the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst and in the presence of a hydrogen halide.

Abstract: Dichlorobenzene having an increased p-content and a greatly reduced m-content is obtained by ring chlorination of benzene or chlorobenzene in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts if the reaction is carried out in the presence of co-catalysts of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein X represents fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl andA represents 2 hydrogen atoms or the group --CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--.

Abstract: The halogen of a polyhalogenated aromatic compound can be transferred to a monohalogenated or nonhalogenated aromatic compound by reaction in the presence of ruthenium as the element or in the form of compounds and if desired with one or more metal compounds from subgroups I and II of the Periodic Table.

Abstract: 2,4- or 2,6-dihalogeno-aniline can be prepared by reacting an amino-benzoic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the meanings indicated in the description, with 2-2.5 moles of a chlorinating or brominating agent in an inert reaction medium at a temperature of 40.degree.-160.degree. C. and subsequently hydrolyzing and decarboxylating the dihalogenated amino-benzoic acid ester.

Abstract: o-Hydroxy-benzaldehydes can be obtained by oxidation of the o-cresols, on which they are based, with oxygen in the presence of substances having a base reaction in a solvent if chelate complexes of iron, manganese or a mixuture of both with polyaza-macrocycles as chelating agents are employed as catalysts. Copper or a copper compound is advantageously added as a co-catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons monosubstituted by straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or by Chd 3-C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl can be chlorinated in the aromatic ring in the liquid phase in the presence of Friedel-Crafts catalysts if cyclic amidines which are oxy-sustituted on the exocyclic N atom are employed as co-catalysts. An increased proportion of the p-isomer is obtained in this reaction.

Abstract: Bis- and tris-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-amine can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of 3-(dimethylamino)-propionitrile with a palladium catalyst on an Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 -containing support.

Abstract: Aliphatic sulphonic acids can be prepared by reacting n-paraffins with SO.sub.2 and O.sub.2 under UV irradiation with high selectivity even at conversions of up to 12 mol % if an amount of water is added which is appropriate to ensure that after the reaction has commenced and the stationary state has been reached, the sulphoxidation proceeds in homogeneous phase.

Abstract: In the preparation of 2-chloro-4-nitro-alkylbenzene by reaction of 4-nitro-alkylbenzene with elemental chlorine or chlorine-releasing compounds in the presence of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst in the liquid phase, particularly high selectivities in respect of the target compounds chlorinated exclusively in the 2-position are achieved if a dibenzo-condensed sulphur heterocycle of the formula ##STR1## having the meanings given in the description for R.sup.1 to R.sup.8, X and n, is used as co-catalyst.

Abstract: Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes can be prepared from the corresponding aromatic or aliphatic carboxylic acids or the esters, anhydrides or halides thereof at elevated temperature by catalytic gas phase hydrogenation using hydrogen if use is made of a catalyst system composed of oxides of titanium and/or vanadium and of one or more co-metals, the co-metals being selected from the group consisting of chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, zinc, cadmium and copper.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen, alkoxy, alkylamino, dialkylamino or an optionally substituted radical from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl and aryl,R.sup.1 is an optionally substituted radical from the group consisting of alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, mono- or dialkylamino and phenyl,R.sup.2 is optionally substituted alkyl, andY is oxygen or sulphur,comprising(a1) reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## with ##STR3## or withR.sup.5 COOHin whichR.sup.5 is R except for hydrogen, or equivalent, to produce ##STR4## oxidizing that compound or its salt to ##STR5## and phosphorylating. Several of the intermediates are new.

Abstract: Aromatic hydrocarbons which are monosubstituted by straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or by C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 -cycloalkyl can be chlorinated in the presence of Friedel-Crafts Catalysts in liquid phase on the aromatic ring if cyclic benzo-fused imines or benzo[f]-1,4-thiazepines are used as co-catalysts. This makes it possible to obtain a higher proportion of p-isomers.