Abstract: A multipolar electrode lead, of the type used to deliver electrical energy in vivo to tissue as part of a system for medical electrotherapy, contains at least first and second conductors, with at least the first conductor being provided with an insulating coating which electrically separates the conductors from each other. The risk of the insulating coating being worn off and a short-circuit developing are reduced by forming the insulating coating of a material having a high electrical resistance and a resistance to abrasion.

Abstract: Especially in gripper, insertion and bending tools of automatic insertion machines for electric components, the problem arises, that the production flow is adversely influenced because of solder accumulations at the tools. In machine design it is already known to apply hard material layers on a nitride base to improve tool surfaces; normally, better solder resistance is expected of them. According to the invention at least one second layer is provided as the cover layer with solid-lubricant properties, besides the nitride base layer. The base layer has here preferably a gradual change from high density in the boundary region to the base material of the tool to a porous rough structure at the boundary surface to the cover layer, where the change of the density can be continuous. The metal-nitride layer is advantageously a titanium nitride.With such coatings, the service life of the tools can be increased by more than one order of magnitude.

Abstract: In the process according to the invention, material is vaporized off a cathode and deposited on a substrate in a cathodic arc vaporization process, the arc base being moved on the cathode surface in a random or controlled manner. In the arc vaporization process, preferably at least two cathodes of different alloys or mixtures of the metallic components of the high temperature superconductor (HTSC) are activated for vaporization by an arc and the materials vaporized out of the different alloys are jointly deposited on the substrate, the arc vaporization process occurring reactivity under oxygen atmosphere of preset O.sub.2 partial pressure. A heat treatment for adjusting the structure and oxygen stoichiometry suitable for superconduction can be carried out after or during the vaporizing process.

Abstract: In particular for coating tools and product components, which are subject to extremely high wear, metal nitride films are used. It has been found that if the metals have markedly different melting points, in accordance with the invention, the concentrations of the metals can be varied as a function of the film thickness. For manufacturing such mixed nitride films by vaporization of metal alloy cathodes by means of an arc while simultaneously introducing nitrogen as reaction gas, a variable voltage is applied to the substrate during vaporization of the metal alloy and varied as a function of the film thickness on the substrate.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing an implantable electrode, particularly a stimulating electrode, vitreous carbon is sputtered from a vitreous carbon target on at least a part of the surface of the electrode. The sputtering is performed in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 4 to 8.times.10.sup.-2 mbar and at a voltage of 1.6 to 2.4 kV. The electrode may consist essentially of platinum-iridium, vitreous carbon or platinum.

Abstract: In order to expand the availability of effective and usable electrodes for medical applications, an electrode is proposed which is comprised of an electrically conductive carrier material and of a porous layer in its active region which is composed of a carbide, nitride or carbonitride of one of the metals titanium, vanadium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum or tungsten.

Abstract: A simplified, easily producible, strongly adherent, solderable and corrosion resistant layer system for opto-electronic displays is produced by vapor deposition techniques. In accordance with the invention, the layer system is formed of two layers; a transparent first layer formed of a nonsolderable oxide semiconductor, such as In.sub.2 O.sub.3 SnO.sub.2, and a second layer formed of a solderable, oxidation-resistant material, which is formed at least partially of a copper alloy containing an alloying additive consisting of a metal which is less noble than copper, illustratively CuMg.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell is described which has a front electrode of an electrochromic material, especially tungsten trioxide or iridium oxide, layered on a support surface and a rear electrode of vitreous carbon layered on a support surface. The rest potential and large capacity of the rear electrode permit a fast image cycle time at the front electrode and obviate the need to reverse potential polarity during cycling.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell is described which has a front electrode of tungsten trioxide layered on a support surface and a rear electrode of titanium nitride layered on a support surface. The rest potential and large capacity of the rear electrode permit a fast image cycle time at the front electrode and obviate the need to reverse potential polarity during cycling.

Abstract: Indium-tin alloy targets are high-frequency cathode sputtered using water vapor with a pressure of between 10.sup.-3 mbar and 5.times.10.sup.-3 mbar as the reaction gas. The temperature-sensitive substrates used are water-cooled during the deposition. This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 168,244 filed July 10, 1980, now abandoned.

Abstract: In order to bring about durable solder joints on transparent thin film electrodes which themselves are not solderable, the conductive layer is treated as follows. First, the conductive layer is applied in a vacuum and, more specifically, in the fully oxidized state, and then a solderable layer is generated on the conductive layer in the same vacuum. The electrode consists preferably of an indiumtin oxide and the solder layer consists of copper. The proposed coating technique is particularly simple since the solder layer requires neither an adhesion aid nor a corrosion protection layer. If it consists of copper, it can withstand without difficulty, if it is thick enough, even small thermal stresses such as occur for instance in the fabrication of liquid crystal displays with cementing frame.The layer system is particularly well suited for the electrode leads of electro-optical displays such as liquid crystal displays.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the preparation of thin films of tungsten, molybdenum, rhenium or osmium on a high-temperature resistant substrate by thermal evaporation in a high vacuum, wherein the oxides of these high-temperature-resistant metals are evaporated simultaneously with a reduction metal in a manner such that the oxide molecules and the metal atoms or molecules impinge together on the surface of the substrate heated to a predetermined temperature and react with each other there chemically, so that the high-temperature-resistant metal oxides are reduced and the reduction metals are oxidized. In this process, the high-temperature-resistant metal is deposited on the surface of the substrate, and the oxides of the reduction metals evaporate, either completely or partially, and are pumped off.

Abstract: Preparation of thin layers of tungsten or molybdenum on a highly temperature-resistant layer substrate by thermal evaporation in a high vacuum, where WO.sub.3 or MoO.sub.3, respectively, is evaporated and the layer substrate is heated so that the oxides are decomposed and a pure tungsten or molybdenum layer is deposited on the layer substrate.