Abstract: A circuit unit is described, comprising an integrated circuit disposed on a substrate as its carrier and coupling elements for energy transfer, data output and, if required, data input.All coupling elements are disposed on the substrate which bears the integrated circuit. The circuit units may be advantageously embedded in identification cards.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided through which, after insertion of a card into a card reader, a code word is presented which is made up of a certain number of signs or symbols. The user uses a pushbutton or other control to make selections of signs associated with the code word. If the correct signs are selected, an output is developed for control of an appropriate control function. The signs may be presented serially, in parallel or with a combination of serial and parallel presentations. Various means may be used for presentation of the code word and signs.

Abstract: A matrix printer in which a plurality of printing punches in the form of sheet strips are arranged parallel to each other and are driveable in different combinations, according to the characteristics to be printed, by means of drive systems arranged in series and being associated each with a printing punch. Each drive system contains an armature, mechanically coupled to a printing punch, a magnetic circuit providing for an air gap, and a control coil. Also associated with each printing punch is a reset spring, for pulling the armature away from the air gap range into the inoperative position. The reset spring is loop-shaped and integrally formed with the associated printing punch. The magnetic circuit is provided with an air gap which is smaller than the stroke of the printing punch, so that even after closure of the air gap, the armature flies on substantially freely due to its inertia, until the printing punch strikes.

Abstract: The valuable papers, such as the securities and the like, have safeguard elements against forgery or falsification and which can be mechanically examined using light of the visible, ultraviolet or infrared spectral regions and which are effective, particularly, against erasure. The paper is provided with a homogeneous protective coating which is applied either prior to or following the application of an information print by an ink impression. The paper, the protective coating and the printing ink have respective reflectance or fluoroescence properties such that, any damage to the protective coating, such as an attempted erasure, is detectable either at the wavelength of light serving to read the information print or at a special test wavelength.

Abstract: A package comprises a relatively stiff rectangular backing board with a transparent substantially rectangular bag of a smaller size secured to the backing board along a small marginal area adjacent its top edge. The backing board advantageously includes a fold down top edge or collar which engages over an upwardly extending portion of the underside of the bag and the bottom edge of the collar is spaced from the opening edge on the top side of the bag and the bag may be torn off the backing board by tearing it along the lower edge of the collar. The backing board advantageously includes one or more recesses which are engageable by a driver member to move the package assembly.