Abstract: A high-side semiconductor-switch driving method includes generating power for controlling a high side semiconductor switch. The high side semiconductor switch has a control terminal and the power allows a current to flow into the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch to switch the high side semiconductor switch. The voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is quantified. The power dependent on the voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is controlled so that the current provided is increased when the voltage at the control terminal indicates that the current is not sufficient to switch the high side semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A high-side semiconductor-switch driving method includes generating power for controlling a high side semiconductor switch. The high side semiconductor switch has a control terminal and the power allows a current to flow into the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch to switch the high side semiconductor switch. The voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is quantified. The power dependent on the voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is controlled so that the current provided is increased when the voltage at the control terminal indicates that the current is not sufficient to switch the high side semiconductor switch.

Abstract: A high-side semiconductor-switch driving method includes generating power for controlling a high side semiconductor switch. The high side semiconductor switch has a control terminal and the power allows a current to flow into the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch to switch the high side semiconductor switch. The voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is quantified. The power dependent on the voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is controlled so that the current provided is increased when the voltage at the control terminal indicates that the current is not sufficient to switch the high side semiconductor switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, use and compositions for combating harmful fungi and bacteria in plants. More specifically, it relates to methods and compositions for controlling, preventing, or treating plant pathogens using UV filters for combating phytotoxin-producing fungi and/or bacteria, in particular, for combating harmful fungi and/or bacteria producing photodynamically active phytotoxins.

Abstract: A high-side semiconductor-switch driving method includes generating power for controlling a high side semiconductor switch. The high side semiconductor switch has a control terminal and the power allows a current to flow into the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch to switch the high side semiconductor switch. The voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is quantified. The power dependent on the voltage at the control terminal of the high side semiconductor switch is controlled so that the current provided is increased when the voltage at the control terminal indicates that the current is not sufficient to switch the high side semiconductor switch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods, use and compositions for combating harmful fungi and bacteria in plants. More specifically, it relates to methods and compositions for controlling, preventing, or treating plant pathogens using UV filters for combating phytotoxin-producing fungi and/or bacteria, in particular, for combating harmful fungi and/or bacteria producing photodynamically active phytotoxins.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a production line, in which objects are conveyed over conveyance paths between machines, whereby digital images of the production line are created, is characterized by the steps of (a) generating a reference image sequence, such that it images at least one area of a conveyance path to be monitored between machines, (b) determining the speed or acceleration of an object or a quantity derived therefrom for the reference image sequence, (c) generating a test image sequence, which images the same area of a conveyance path between the machines, (d) determining the speed or acceleration of an object or a quantity derived therefrom for the test image sequence, and (e) comparing the speed or acceleration determined for the test image sequence or a quantity derived therefrom with the corresponding quantity determined for the reference image sequence.

Abstract: A polar modulator contains a first input for supplying an amplitude modulation word and a second input for supplying a phase modulation word. The first input is connected to a first signal path, and the second input is connected to a second signal path. The polar modulator contains a converter having a first input which is connected to a first signal path and having a second input which is connected to the second signal path. In this case, the converter is configured to output a radio-frequency signal derived from the phase modulation word and the amplitude modulation word. A feedback path has a level detector connected to the converter and has its output side connected to a correction device. The correction device is designed to output a correction word to the first signal path on the basis of a signal which is output by the level detector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for quantitatively and/or qualitatively identifying germs in a sample, which method comprises a step (a) of preparing the sample by labeling at least some of the germs present in the sample by means of at least one fluorescent marker and a step (b) involving a quantitative and/or qualitative detection and/or evaluation by recording and/or measuring fluorescence emission, wherein, in step (b), the sample containing the fluorescently labeled germs, prepared in step (a), is subjected to an excitation radiation of a defined wavelength or a defined wavelength range for a defined period of time, and the time course of the fluorescence emission radiation generated due to said excitation is recorded, so that a discrimination first, between the measured signals caused by the fluorescently labeled germs, second, possible interfering signals is made possible, thereby identifying the fluorescently labeled germs in the sample in a quantitative and/or qualitative manner.

Abstract: A polar modulator contains a first input for supplying an amplitude modulation word and a second input for supplying a phase modulation word. The first input is connected to a first signal path, and the second input is connected to a second signal path. The polar modulator contains a converter having a first input which is connected to a first signal path and having a second input which is connected to the second signal path. In this case, the converter is configured to output a radio-frequency signal derived from the phase modulation word and the amplitude modulation word. A feedback path has a level detector connected to the converter and has its output side connected to a correction device. The correction device is designed to output a correction word to the first signal path on the basis of a signal which is output by the level detector.

Abstract: A controllable current source circuit and a phase locked loop contained such a circuit are disclosed. The current source circuit such a single switched driver stage for a switched actuation of the loop filter. A continuously switched-on driver stage is introduced into one of several paths of the current source circuit, so that a continuously weaker current is drawn by the loop filter. The currents are preferably stabilized via a current mirror circuit.

Abstract: In a digital phase-frequency detector with anti-backlash pulses, which prevent the mapping of very short correction pulses occurring on the basis of small phase differences by use of an AND logic circuit controlling the RESET of two flip flop circuits, a waste time is shortened by reducing a duration of the RESET pulse. The integrable phase-frequency detector according to the invention can be used in fast digital phase-locked control loops, for example for tuners, frequency synthesizers in the field of mobile radio.

Abstract: An amplifier array for high-frequency signals includes a differential amplifier with transistors capacitively coupled to the emitters. The differential amplifier therefore has high-pass characteristics. The input signals are each supplied to the differential amplifier through a respective high-pass. This results in an integratable amplifier array with strong damping for base-band signal components and band-pass characteristics for high-frequency useful signal components.

Abstract: A integratable transmitter/receiver configuration for higher frequencies includes a reception path mixer multiplying a reception signal and a carrier frequency signal with one another. A controlled first intermediate frequency oscillator can be turned off by a switch control signal and has a frequency range being reversible by a first range control signal. A demodulator is connected downstream of the reception path mixer and receives the output signal of the first intermediate frequency oscillator both directly and phase-displaced by 90.degree.. A phase detector device is connected downstream of and controls the first intermediate frequency oscillator, and has a frequency range being reversible by a second range control signal. A controlled second intermediate frequency oscillator is connected parallel to the first intermediate frequency oscillator and can be turned on by the switch control signal.

Abstract: A circuit configuration being made by differential technology for dividing a clock signal with switchable divider ratios of 4/5 by emitter coupled logic, includes first, second and third series-connected flip-flops each having an output, a data input and a clock input. The output of the second flip-flop is coupled to the data input of the third flip-flop, and the clock inputs of the first, second and third flip-flops are acted upon by a clock signal. A first AND gate is connected upstream of the first flip-flop and has a first input being acted upon by a control signal for switching over the divider ratio, and a second input being acted upon by an inverted signal from the output of the third flip-flop.

Abstract: A circuit configuration generates an even-numbered duty factor with an odd-numbered division n of a symmetrical clock signal. A first device generates a first output signal from the symmetrical clock signal. The first output signal begins upon each n.sup.th edge of one type, of a symmetrical clock signal and remains active for a length of N-1/2 periods of the symmetrical clock signal. A second device generates a second output signal from the symmetrical clock signal. The second output signal begins upon each n.sup.th edge of another type, of the symmetrical clock signal and remains active for the length of N-1/2 periods of the symmetrical clock signal. A logic linkage is connected to the first and second devices for linking the two output signals to form one symmetrical output signal.

Abstract: An integratable amplifier circuit includes a preamplifier stage, a drive stage, a push-pull end stage, and a regulating stage forming a differential value from a reference current and from a measurement current proportional to the static current flowing through the push-pull end stage. The regulating stage stores the diferential value or a value proportional thereto upon the occurrence of a control signal at a control input indicating the non-level control of the preamplifier stage and sets the static current of the push-pull end stage by varying the operating point of the push-pull end stage as a function of the stored value.

Abstract: In order to create an economic two-stage heat exchanger system which is capable of cooling cracked gas from short-term splitting furnaces, which is capable of flexible operation utilizing changeable charging stock, the two stages of the heat exchanger are integrated in one device, in order to avoid the necessity of delivering the cracked gas to a second stage via long, hot pipelines. In addition, the system has the capability of switching the heat exchanger plant over to a single-stage operation.