Abstract: The title compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by cyclization of aminomethylenated 2-pentenoic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR2## where R, X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and Z have the meaning given in the description,in the presence of acids or ammonia. Preferably, aminomethylenated pentenoic acid derivatives are employed which can be prepared from pentenoic acid derivatives of the formulaR--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--Z (III)orR--CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --Z (IV)with ortho-amides of the formula ##STR3## The meanings of A and B are also given in the description.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## may advantageously be prepared by reacting C--H-acidic compounds of the formula ##STR2## with formamide acetals of the formula ##STR3## in which the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 have the meaning given in the description,if the process is carried out in the presence of a secondary amine of the formula ##STR4## in which R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 have the meaning given in the description.

Abstract: Ortho-amides of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reacting salts of the formula ##STR2## with alcoholates of the formulaM.sup.1 OR.sup.1 (III)where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, M.sup.1 and X.sup..crclbar. have the meaning given in the description. The alcoholates are employed in highly active form with an effective content of 98-100% M.sup.1 OR.sup.1.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reaction of C-H-acid compounds of the formula ##STR2## with salts of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of simple inorganic bases, where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and X.sup..crclbar. have the meanings given in the description.

Abstract: Aminomethylene compounds of the formula ##STR1## can be prepared by reaction of C-H acid compounds of the formula ##STR2## with salts of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of alkoxides of the formulaM.sup.1 OR.sup.10 (IV)where the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.4, R.sup.7, R.sup.10, X.sup.- and M.sup.1 have the meaning mentioned in the description.

Abstract: Benzaldehydes of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reaction of substituted .beta.-amino-styrenes of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.10, m, n and o have the scope of meaning indicated in the description, with oxygen in the presence of a Cu compound in the solution of an aprotic polar solvent at 0.degree.-120.degree. C.

Abstract: A molding composition which is essentially composed of a mixture of at least two polymers based on vinyl chloride and at least one water-soluble surfactant is described. One of the polymers is a sinterable vinyl chloride/alkyl acrylate copolymer which can contain, in addition, polymerized units of vinyl acetate and ethylene. At least one further polymer is a vinyl chloride polymer which can contain up to 5% by weight of polymerized units of vinyl acetate and ethylene. The molding composition is suitable for the production of sintered, porous, flexible moldings, in particular separator compartments for electric cells.

Abstract: A sinterable, finely divided molding material and the preparation thereof are described. The molding material is composed of a vinyl chloride (graft) copolymer, at least one anionic and/or nonionic emulsifier and, if appropriate, small quantities of additives.The vinyl chloride (graft) copolymer contains 95 to 70% by weight of polymerized units of vinyl chloride, 5 to 30% by weight of polymerized units of an alkyl acrylate having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, 0 to 7% by weight of polymerized units of ethylene and 0 to 15% by weight of polymerized units of vinyl acetate.The molding material is suitable for the production of flexible, sintered moldings, in particular separator plates, for electric cells.

Abstract: The sinterable polyvinyl chloride molding composition described is composed of 99.8 to 97% by weight, relative to the molding composition, of a suspension graft copolymer which is, in turn, composed of 99.7 to 85% by weight of polymerized vinyl chloride units, 0.9 to 10.5% by weight of polymerized ethylene units and 0.09 to 10.5% by weight of polymerized vinyl acetate units, with the proviso that the total of the polymerized ethylene and vinyl acetate units is 0.3 to 15% by weight, relative to the graft copolymer, and also 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the molding composition, of at least one free alkylarylsulfonic acid having 3 to 16 C atoms in the alkyl chain or at least one alkylsulfonic acid having 8 to 16 C atoms, and also 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, relative to the molding composition, of at least one water-soluble wetting agent which is free from metal ions and contains 12 to about 80 C atoms and a quaternary N atom which forms a salt with a carboxylic or sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: A process for the continuous preparation of vinyl chloride polymers containing at least 85 weight percent of polymerized vinyl chloride units in an aqueous emulsion in the presence of at least one water soluble catalyst and 1.5 to 3.5 weight percent (calculated on the monomer(s)) of at least one water soluble salt of an aliphatic, saturated monocarboxylic acid having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are equal or different each representing a saturated, branched or unbranched alkyl radical having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or of at least one of said water soluble salt in mixture together with at least one known emulsifier being an organic compound containing sulfonic acid-groups. The resulting polymers show an equally excellent thermostability in mixture with one of a multiplicity of known stabilizers especially of the lead-, tin- or barium/cadmium type.

Abstract: Powdery molding compositions capable of being sintered made from polyvinyl chloride, which are especially suitable for the manufacture of separator plates for electric cells, and which substantially consist of a suspension polyvinyl chloride, from 0.003 to 0.45 weight %, relative to the molding composition, of free sulfonic acids selected from the group of alkylarylsulfonic acids and/or alkylsulfonic acids, and 1/9 to 7/3 of said 0.003 to 0.45 weight % of anions of said sulfonic acids, in the form of their salts with organic cations, selected from the group of quaternary ammonium cations.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder having at least one jet nozzle which is directed towards a recording carrier, and which is connected to a supply pump for the recording liquid. The liquid jet recorder incorporates a liquid-conveying pump which is activated at predetermined intervals for short periods of time between writing periods, so as to practically completely prevent the drying-in of the recording liquid within the jet nozzle.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder which includes at least one jet nozzle which is connected to a pressure medium conduit for the ejection of an electrically-conductive recording liquid onto a recording carrier, and which includes at least one control electrode connected to a signal source for modulation of the liquid jet in the context of carrying out spot or point wise recording. The liquid jet recorder of the above-mentioned type, which in a simple manner facilitates that the intensity of a recording color may be controlled within a predetermined range of accuracy.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder including at least one nozzle which is connected to a pressure medium conduit for ejection of an electrically-conductive recording liquid onto a recording carrier, with at least one control electrode connected to a signal source for modulation of the liquid jet, and means for generating a relative motion between the nozzle and the recording carrier in two mutually perpendicular directions in the context of providing a linewise image recording.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder having a jet ejecting arrangement, and which is connected to a pressure medium conduit for the jet-like ejection of an electrically-conductive recording liquid against a spot on a recording carrier. The liquid ejecting arrangement consists of a plurality of jet nozzles wich are jointly supplied from a common pump, which are so directed that the liquid jets ejected therefrom impinge directly adjacent each other against the recording carrier, and the liquid jets from all nozzles penetrate through a common control electrode. The number of jet nozzles in the inventive liquid jet recorder is coordinated with the desired image results and with the desired recording velocity.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder with at least one nozzle which is connected to a pressure medium conduit for ejection of an electrically-conductive recording liquid onto a recording carrier, with at least one control electrode of porous material encompassing the liquid jet disintegrating into drops which leads to a suction conduit for the recording liquid, and a signal source for charging of the liquid connectable between the control electrode and the liquid jet for charging the drops so that they repel each other and disintegrate into a vapor cloud adapted to be aspirated through the control electrode. For effecting cleaning of the electrode and its support, the suction pad which is connected to an actuating arrangement, by means of which the suction pad may be moved from an inactive position in which it is located in a spaced relationship to the jet outlet side of the control electrode, so as to be pressed against the jet outlet side and the electrode support.

Abstract: A liquid jet recorder having at least one jet nozzle which is connected to a pressure means conduit for the ejection of an electrically-conductive recording liquid onto a recording carrier; having at least one control electrode encompassing the liquid jet which is disintegrating into drops, which is formed of porous material which communicates with a suction conduit for the recording liquid; and a signal source adapted to be switched between the control electrode and the liquid jet for charging of the drops so that the latter mutually repel each other and disintegrate into a vapor cloud adapted to be aspirated into the control electrode. The recorder includes a suction pump, including circuitry which will activate the suction pump prior to the commencement of a recording. In the liquid jet recorder, any possible residues of the recording liquid adhering to the control electrode are aspirated prior to commencement of a recording.