Abstract: An underlayer of at least one a carbonitride of titanium, zirconium, hafnium or vanadium or hafnium nitride may be under a surface layer at least containing gold or on a still-undermore decorative article, and preferably both. It has a brilliance approximating that of gold so that, when appropriately color matched to the surface layer, it disguises spots of the surface layer worn away in use of the article. The underlayer and surface layer may be deposited in a cathode vaporization process from corresponding metallic cathode targets in appropriate neutral or reactive atmospheres.

Abstract: Electron beam vaporizer having a beam generator with a heated cathode, focusing means and electromagnetic deflection means for the deflection and guidance of the beam. An exchangeable, fluid-cooled and preferably rotatable vaporizing crucible associated with the beam generator and having at least one depression in the base thereof for at least one substance to be vaporized. The crucible has passages for the flow of a coolant beneath the depression and the base of the vaporizing crucible is constructed as separate components having a common contact surface so that a removable crucible head is formed. The crucible base is closed off from its environment with regard to the flow passages.