Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a speed of a vehicle (1), whereby at least two images (A, B) of an area surrounding the vehicle are recorded in time succession using a camera on the vehicle (1), and between the images (A, B) changes (2) in a position and/or a size of at least one object (X) contained in the images (X) are determined, and from the changes, a speed of the vehicle (1) is determined relative to the object (X).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining a speed of a vehicle (1), whereby at least two images (A, B) of an area surrounding the vehicle are recorded in time succession using a camera on the vehicle (1), and between the images (A, B) changes (2) in a position and/or a size of at least one object (X) contained in the images (X) are determined, and from the changes, a speed of the vehicle (1) is determined relative to the object (X)

Abstract: The invention relates to a photodetector arrangement for stray light compensation with a photodetector unit for detecting and determining at least two measuring signals and with a differential unit for subtraction of the measuring signals, wherein between the photodetector unit and the differential unit a compensation unit is provided for compensating the constant components forming the basis of the respective measuring signal.

Abstract: From a prescribed starting value, the emitting power of an obstacle detection beam increases or decreases according to a prescribed function at a prescribed rate. The received signal reflected from an obstacle is compared to a prescribed threshold. Once the received reflected power rises or falls to the threshold, the emitting power is not further increased or decreased respectively, but is maintained constant. Thereby, consumed and dissipated power is reduced, unnecessary excessive power use is avoided, and the detection range of the obstacle detection beam is adapted to the prevailing situation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electromagnetic mixing system for receiving and processing modulated electromagnetic signals, with a signal detector made from a semiconductor material for receiving and converting electromagnetic radiation into an electric measured value and with at least one modulation input modulating the reception of the signal detector, and also with at least two accumulation electrodes which are connected to output electronics at the output of which a mixture of the received signal and at least one modulation signal applied at the modulation input is effectively provided as electric signal. The present invention also relates to a method for operating such an electromagnetic mixing system, the electromagnetic signals striking the signal detector producing charge carriers which, depending on the at least one modulation signal, are conducted at least partially alternately to the at least two different readout electrodes.

Abstract: The focal surface for an opto-electronic imaging system includes an arrangement of detectors for image recording and a detector carrier or a FPA carrier for holding the detectors. The detectors are each made of at least one solid state element that is bonded to a flexible carrier substrate. The focal surface, or the detectors, respectively, exhibits a curvature, such that a curved field of view can be recorded. In a method for manufacturing a focal surface for opto-electronic imaging systems, at least one solid state element is bonded to a flexible carrier substrate to form flexible detectors, whereby a detector carrier provides a curvature and the flexible detectors are adapted to the curvature of the detector carrier. To manufacture a detector according to the present invention, a solid state element is thinned and bonded to a flexible carrier substrate, such that it is formed in a flexible manner and can be adapted to a curvature of a field of view.

Abstract: From a prescribed starting value, the emitting power of an obstacle detection beam increases or decreases according to a prescribed function at a prescribed rate. The received signal reflected from an obstacle is compared to a prescribed threshold. Once the received reflected power rises or falls to the threshold, the emitting power is not further increased or decreased respectively, but is maintained constant. Thereby, consumed and dissipated power is reduced, unnecessary excessive power use is avoided, and the detection range of the obstacle detection beam is adapted to the prevailing situation.

Abstract: An image recorder for recording objects or scenes in three dimensions comprising a detector unit with a multiplicity of photosensitive pixel elements. This is used to generate signals which contain information, such as brightness and distance for example, about individual image points. A signal output serves to output the image information. The arrangement of the pixel elements contributing to the image information is adapted or can be adapted to expected positions of characteristic image elements, or is irregular. The pixel elements may be permanently installed, or individual pixel elements from an array of pixel elements may be activated or deactivated by programming in order to form, for example, a V-shaped region of interest with regard to the image to be recorded.

Abstract: The focal surface for an opto-electronic imaging system includes an arrangement of detectors for image recording and a detector carrier or a FPA carrier for holding the detectors. The detectors are each made of at least one solid state element that is bonded to a flexible carrier substrate. The focal surface, or the detectors, respectively, exhibits a curvature, such that a curved field of view can be recorded. In a method for manufacturing a focal surface for opto-electronic imaging systems, at least one solid state element is bonded to a flexible carrier substrate to form flexible detectors, whereby a detector carrier provides a curvature and the flexible detectors are adapted to the curvature of the detector carrier. To manufacture a detector according to the present invention, a solid state element is thinned and bonded to a flexible carrier substrate, such that it is formed in a flexible manner and can be adapted to a curvature of a field of view.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for processing a signal field of sensor signals which originate from the individual sensor elements, for example photodetectors, of a plurality of sensor elements which are regularly spaced in an area and which are each surrounded by six adjacent sensor elements while forming a hexagonal structure. A differential amplifier compares a quantity representing the potential difference and a reference quantity forms a switching quantity (I.sub.Mo) on the output side. A switching comparator, on the input side, receives the switching quantity and, if this switching quantity exceeds the preselectable switching threshold, on the output side emits a switching pulse which causes the "off" switching condition. Four signal outputs 1, 2, 3, 4 as well as four signal inputs (I.sub.M1 I.sub.M2, I.sub.M3, I.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to analog circuits which are constructed as fed-back amplifier networks. The networking is implemented such that the output values of the individual amplifier elements are fed back to the input values of the respective adjacent amplifier elements. The degree of feedback can be statically and dynamically adjusted according to the specific application. Two-dimensional networks with such an architecture can be used, for example, in image processing for the interference reduction under real-time conditions.

Abstract: In the process of making ketones by oxidizing olefins wherein olefins are first hydrated to secondary alcohols which are then dehydrogenated to ketones, the hydration step is carried out simultaneously with a liquid organic extraction step during which the secondary alcohols and ether by-product formed are absorbed and, following separation of the olefin-water phase, the secondary alcohols in the organic extracted phase are dehydrogenated and the ether by-product is purged.