Abstract: The specification describes apparatus for applying automatic braking as a function of the effective deceleration of a vehicle caused by any already applied service braking whereby total braking time for the vehicle is shortened.

Abstract: The running speed of a track bound vehicle whose movement is normally determined by an automatic control system that preassigns speeds and braking curves and accelerations up to the permissable speed at a predetermined rate or with maximum propulsion power is optimized by an additional circuit carried by the vehicle which calculates a predetermined point on a coasting initiation curve from data communicated to the vehicle and which switches off the propulsion power of the vehicle when the actual speed of the vehicle exceeds the predetermined point.

Abstract: A system for protecting data communication against disturbances caused by unsymmetrical standing waves along track conductors wherein automatically controlled terminating resistors are utilized to prevent the formation of standing waves either totally or nearly totally. Baluns may be utilized to cause such standing waves to be automatically balanced. The sensitivity of continuous automatic train control to atmospheric influences and conductor asymmetries is eliminated in accordance with the invention.

Abstract: The system includes equipments necessary for demand registration and control organized hierarchically. The uppermost hierarchy level includes an operations control center and station equipment connected to the operations control center. The operations control center indicates the operation necessary at the next hierarchy level in accordance with the demand registered in the station equipment. The next hierarchy level includes one or more command and control centers. Each command and control center checks the commands of the operations control center and/or of the associated station equipment, giving special consideration to safety criteria, and passes on the commands to the last hierarchy level for execution. The last hierarchy level includes operation facilities, such as vehicles, which perform the requested transport tasks, continuously exchanging information with their associated command and control center.